Location

Location ANSS

The ANSS event ID is ak0237woxclz and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak0237woxclz/executive.

2023/06/21 14:26:08 62.433 -150.571 63.7 3.8 Alaska

Focal Mechanism

USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2023/06/21 14:26:08:0 62.43 -150.57 63.7 3.8 Alaska Stations used: AK.BPAW AK.CAST AK.GHO AK.GLI AK.K20K AK.KLU AK.KNK AK.L19K AK.L20K AK.L22K AK.M19K AK.MCK AK.RND AK.SKN AT.PMR AV.SPCP AV.STLK Filtering commands used: cut o DIST/3.5 -40 o DIST/3.5 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.08 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 9.89e+21 dyne-cm Mw = 3.93 Z = 74 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 175 75 -70 NP2 300 25 -142 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 9.89e+21 27 249 N 0.00e+00 19 350 P -9.89e+21 56 110 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx 6.02e+20 Mxy 3.62e+21 Mxz 1.71e+20 Myy 4.04e+21 Myz -8.09e+21 Mzz -4.64e+21 -----######### --------############## ----#######------########### -##########------------####### -############--------------####### ##############-----------------##### ###############------------------##### ################-------------------##### ################---------------------### #################---------------------#### #################----------------------### #################---------- ---------### ##### #########---------- P ----------## #### T ##########--------- ----------# #### ##########----------------------# ################---------------------# ################-------------------- ###############------------------- ##############---------------- #############--------------- ###########----------- ########------ Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -4.64e+21 1.71e+20 8.09e+21 1.71e+20 6.02e+20 -3.62e+21 8.09e+21 -3.62e+21 4.04e+21 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20230621142608/index.html

Preferred Solution

The preferred solution from an analysis of the surface-wave spectral amplitude radiation pattern, waveform inversion or first motion observations is

      STK = 175
      DIP = 75
     RAKE = -70
       MW = 3.93
       HS = 74.0

The NDK file is 20230621142608.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.

Magnitudes

Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and M_L by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for M_L is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined M_L. The defined M_L uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.

ML Magnitude

Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot. Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.

Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot. Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.

Context

The left panel of the next figure presents the focal mechanism for this earthquake (red) in the context of other nearby events (blue) in the SLU Moment Tensor Catalog. The right panel shows the inferred direction of maximum compressive stress and the type of faulting (green is strike-slip, red is normal, blue is thrust; oblique is shown by a combination of colors). Thus context plot is useful for assessing the appropriateness of the moment tensor of this event.

Waveform Inversion using wvfgrd96

The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.

Location of broadband stations used for waveform inversion

The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.

The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:

cut o DIST/3.5 -40 o DIST/3.5 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3 
lp c 0.08 n 3

The results of this grid search are as follow:

           DEPTH  STK   DIP  RAKE   MW    FIT
WVFGRD96    2.0   155    30    95   3.15 0.2252
WVFGRD96    4.0   325    60    80   3.19 0.2174
WVFGRD96    6.0   315    75    60   3.16 0.2477
WVFGRD96    8.0   320    70    65   3.25 0.2807
WVFGRD96   10.0   325    70    60   3.27 0.3032
WVFGRD96   12.0   330    65    60   3.29 0.3191
WVFGRD96   14.0   115    65   -50   3.32 0.3377
WVFGRD96   16.0   115    65   -55   3.34 0.3526
WVFGRD96   18.0   110    65   -55   3.37 0.3603
WVFGRD96   20.0   340    80    55   3.39 0.3615
WVFGRD96   22.0   125    65   -60   3.40 0.3661
WVFGRD96   24.0   160    90   -55   3.45 0.3667
WVFGRD96   26.0   345    80    70   3.46 0.3687
WVFGRD96   28.0   345    80    75   3.48 0.3749
WVFGRD96   30.0    60    40   -15   3.54 0.3852
WVFGRD96   32.0    55    40   -20   3.55 0.4034
WVFGRD96   34.0    55    40   -20   3.58 0.4200
WVFGRD96   36.0    55    45   -20   3.60 0.4338
WVFGRD96   38.0    60    45   -20   3.62 0.4444
WVFGRD96   40.0    55    35   -25   3.73 0.4532
WVFGRD96   42.0    35    30   -40   3.73 0.4550
WVFGRD96   44.0    35    30   -40   3.75 0.4739
WVFGRD96   46.0    25    25   -50   3.77 0.5003
WVFGRD96   48.0    20    25   -55   3.79 0.5277
WVFGRD96   50.0    15    25   -60   3.80 0.5542
WVFGRD96   52.0    15    25   -60   3.82 0.5813
WVFGRD96   54.0     5    20   -75   3.84 0.6094
WVFGRD96   56.0     0    20   -80   3.85 0.6344
WVFGRD96   58.0    -5    20   -85   3.86 0.6564
WVFGRD96   60.0   350    20   -90   3.87 0.6737
WVFGRD96   62.0   175    75   -75   3.89 0.6968
WVFGRD96   64.0   175    75   -75   3.90 0.7146
WVFGRD96   66.0   175    75   -75   3.91 0.7287
WVFGRD96   68.0   175    75   -75   3.91 0.7384
WVFGRD96   70.0   175    75   -75   3.92 0.7447
WVFGRD96   72.0   175    75   -70   3.92 0.7483
WVFGRD96   74.0   175    75   -70   3.93 0.7509
WVFGRD96   76.0   175    75   -70   3.93 0.7505
WVFGRD96   78.0   175    75   -70   3.94 0.7484
WVFGRD96   80.0   175    75   -70   3.94 0.7442
WVFGRD96   82.0   175    75   -70   3.94 0.7381
WVFGRD96   84.0   175    75   -70   3.94 0.7310
WVFGRD96   86.0   175    75   -70   3.94 0.7235
WVFGRD96   88.0   175    75   -65   3.95 0.7153
WVFGRD96   90.0   175    75   -65   3.95 0.7062
WVFGRD96   92.0   175    75   -65   3.95 0.6960
WVFGRD96   94.0   175    75   -65   3.95 0.6841
WVFGRD96   96.0   175    75   -65   3.95 0.6734
WVFGRD96   98.0   165    70   -75   3.95 0.6641

The best solution is

WVFGRD96   74.0   175    75   -70   3.93 0.7509

The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is

Figure 1. Waveform inversion focal mechanism

The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:

Figure 2. Depth sensitivity for waveform mechanism

The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).

The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was

cut o DIST/3.5 -40 o DIST/3.5 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3 
lp c 0.08 n 3

Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample.

Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure.

A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:

The origin time and epicentral distance are incorrect
The velocity model used for the inversion is incorrect
The velocity model used to define the P-arrival time is not the same as the velocity model used for the waveform inversion (assuming that the initial trace alignment is based on the P arrival time)

Assuming only a mislocation, the time shifts are fit to a functional form:

 Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth

The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:

The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.

Velocity Model

The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).

MODEL.01
Model after     8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
      H(KM)   VP(KM/S)   VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC)         QP         QS       ETAP       ETAS      FREFP      FREFS
     1.9000     3.4065     2.0089     2.2150  0.302E-02  0.679E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     6.1000     5.5445     3.2953     2.6089  0.349E-02  0.784E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    13.0000     6.2708     3.7396     2.7812  0.212E-02  0.476E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    19.0000     6.4075     3.7680     2.8223  0.111E-02  0.249E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     0.0000     7.9000     4.6200     3.2760  0.164E-10  0.370E-10   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00

Last Changed Tue Apr 23 12:26:59 AM CDT 2024