The ANSS event ID is ak0219gu89ff and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak0219gu89ff/executive.
2021/07/25 09:27:37 62.683 -149.649 13.6 3.7 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2021/07/25 09:27:37:0 62.68 -149.65 13.6 3.7 Alaska
Stations used:
AK.BMR AK.BPAW AK.CAST AK.CCB AK.CRQ AK.DHY AK.DIV AK.EYAK
AK.FID AK.FIRE AK.GHO AK.GLB AK.GLI AK.H22K AK.HDA AK.HIN
AK.I21K AK.I23K AK.J19K AK.J20K AK.J25K AK.J26L AK.K20K
AK.K24K AK.K27K AK.KLU AK.KNK AK.KTH AK.L18K AK.L19K
AK.L20K AK.L26K AK.M20K AK.M26K AK.MCAR AK.MCK AK.MLY
AK.N18K AK.N19K AK.NEA2 AK.O18K AK.PAX AK.POKR AK.PPD
AK.PPLA AK.PWL AK.RC01 AK.RIDG AK.RND AK.SAW AK.SCRK AK.SKN
AK.SWD AK.TGL AK.TRF AK.WRH AT.PMR AV.SPCP IM.IL31 IU.COLA
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.08 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 3.27e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.61
Z = 20 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 50 59 106
NP2 200 35 65
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 3.27e+21 71 358
N 0.00e+00 14 221
P -3.27e+21 12 128
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -8.36e+20
Mxy 1.50e+21
Mxz 1.41e+21
Myy -1.95e+21
Myz -5.66e+20
Mzz 2.79e+21
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--------######################
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--------##########################--
--------##########################----
--------########## #############------
-------########### T #############------
--------########### ############--------
-------#########################----------
-------########################-----------
-------#######################------------
------#####################-------------
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-----################-----------------
-----############-------------- --
----########------------------ P -
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Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
2.79e+21 1.41e+21 5.66e+20
1.41e+21 -8.36e+20 -1.50e+21
5.66e+20 -1.50e+21 -1.95e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20210725092737/index.html
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STK = 200
DIP = 35
RAKE = 65
MW = 3.61
HS = 20.0
The NDK file is 20210725092737.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.08 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 60 40 -90 3.20 0.3487
WVFGRD96 2.0 235 50 -90 3.31 0.4320
WVFGRD96 3.0 240 50 -90 3.35 0.3425
WVFGRD96 4.0 260 75 -55 3.29 0.2749
WVFGRD96 5.0 260 80 -60 3.30 0.3020
WVFGRD96 6.0 255 80 -65 3.31 0.3379
WVFGRD96 7.0 140 25 -5 3.32 0.3730
WVFGRD96 8.0 145 25 -5 3.40 0.4019
WVFGRD96 9.0 170 25 25 3.42 0.4430
WVFGRD96 10.0 180 25 40 3.44 0.4879
WVFGRD96 11.0 190 30 55 3.48 0.5347
WVFGRD96 12.0 195 30 60 3.50 0.5816
WVFGRD96 13.0 195 35 60 3.52 0.6236
WVFGRD96 14.0 200 35 65 3.54 0.6607
WVFGRD96 15.0 200 35 65 3.55 0.6909
WVFGRD96 16.0 205 35 70 3.57 0.7151
WVFGRD96 17.0 200 35 65 3.58 0.7336
WVFGRD96 18.0 200 35 65 3.59 0.7469
WVFGRD96 19.0 200 35 65 3.60 0.7553
WVFGRD96 20.0 200 35 65 3.61 0.7594
WVFGRD96 21.0 200 35 65 3.62 0.7589
WVFGRD96 22.0 200 35 65 3.63 0.7564
WVFGRD96 23.0 200 35 65 3.64 0.7509
WVFGRD96 24.0 200 35 65 3.65 0.7427
WVFGRD96 25.0 200 35 65 3.65 0.7323
WVFGRD96 26.0 200 35 65 3.66 0.7202
WVFGRD96 27.0 200 35 65 3.67 0.7070
WVFGRD96 28.0 200 35 65 3.67 0.6923
WVFGRD96 29.0 205 35 70 3.68 0.6764
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 20.0 200 35 65 3.61 0.7594
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.08 n 3
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00