The ANSS event ID is ak0218d15v51 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak0218d15v51/executive.
2021/07/01 02:27:22 60.584 -151.775 77.5 4.3 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2021/07/01 02:27:22:0 60.58 -151.77 77.5 4.3 Alaska
Stations used:
AK.BRLK AK.CAPN AK.CNP AK.CUT AK.FIRE AK.GHO AK.HOM AK.KLU
AK.KNK AK.L18K AK.L19K AK.L20K AK.M19K AK.M20K AK.N18K
AK.N19K AK.O18K AK.O19K AK.P17K AK.PWL AK.RC01 AK.SAW
AK.SKN AK.SLK AK.SSN AK.SWD AT.PMR AV.ILS AV.RED AV.SPCP
AV.STLK
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 6.38e+22 dyne-cm
Mw = 4.47
Z = 82 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 320 76 159
NP2 55 70 15
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 6.38e+22 24 276
N 0.00e+00 65 107
P -6.38e+22 4 8
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -6.16e+22
Mxy -1.48e+22
Mxz -1.73e+21
Myy 5.09e+22
Myz -2.45e+22
Mzz 1.06e+22
-------- P ---
------------ -------
#---------------------------
#####-------------------------
##########------------------------
#############---------------------##
################------------------####
###################---------------######
### ###############------------#######
#### T ################---------##########
#### ##################-----############
##########################--##############
##########################--##############
######################------############
###################----------###########
###############--------------#########
##########-------------------#######
-----------------------------#####
----------------------------##
---------------------------#
----------------------
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Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
1.06e+22 -1.73e+21 2.45e+22
-1.73e+21 -6.16e+22 1.48e+22
2.45e+22 1.48e+22 5.09e+22
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20210701022722/index.html
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STK = 55
DIP = 70
RAKE = 15
MW = 4.47
HS = 82.0
The NDK file is 20210701022722.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 2.0 320 80 20 3.56 0.1969
WVFGRD96 4.0 135 85 -20 3.67 0.2383
WVFGRD96 6.0 135 80 -20 3.74 0.2596
WVFGRD96 8.0 135 80 -20 3.82 0.2742
WVFGRD96 10.0 140 80 -20 3.85 0.2720
WVFGRD96 12.0 140 75 -20 3.89 0.2637
WVFGRD96 14.0 140 75 -20 3.91 0.2506
WVFGRD96 16.0 240 70 15 3.93 0.2435
WVFGRD96 18.0 240 70 15 3.96 0.2506
WVFGRD96 20.0 240 70 20 3.99 0.2610
WVFGRD96 22.0 240 70 20 4.02 0.2762
WVFGRD96 24.0 240 75 25 4.05 0.2934
WVFGRD96 26.0 240 75 25 4.08 0.3105
WVFGRD96 28.0 235 80 25 4.10 0.3250
WVFGRD96 30.0 235 80 20 4.11 0.3385
WVFGRD96 32.0 235 80 20 4.13 0.3518
WVFGRD96 34.0 235 80 15 4.14 0.3601
WVFGRD96 36.0 235 80 15 4.16 0.3675
WVFGRD96 38.0 235 80 10 4.19 0.3767
WVFGRD96 40.0 55 75 0 4.24 0.3886
WVFGRD96 42.0 50 75 -5 4.28 0.3942
WVFGRD96 44.0 50 75 0 4.30 0.3971
WVFGRD96 46.0 50 75 0 4.32 0.4031
WVFGRD96 48.0 50 75 0 4.34 0.4114
WVFGRD96 50.0 50 70 5 4.36 0.4213
WVFGRD96 52.0 50 70 5 4.37 0.4329
WVFGRD96 54.0 55 70 10 4.38 0.4454
WVFGRD96 56.0 55 70 10 4.39 0.4581
WVFGRD96 58.0 55 70 10 4.40 0.4687
WVFGRD96 60.0 55 70 10 4.41 0.4802
WVFGRD96 62.0 55 70 10 4.42 0.4885
WVFGRD96 64.0 55 70 10 4.43 0.4977
WVFGRD96 66.0 55 70 15 4.44 0.5035
WVFGRD96 68.0 55 70 15 4.44 0.5105
WVFGRD96 70.0 55 70 15 4.45 0.5162
WVFGRD96 72.0 55 70 15 4.45 0.5202
WVFGRD96 74.0 55 70 15 4.46 0.5232
WVFGRD96 76.0 55 70 15 4.46 0.5267
WVFGRD96 78.0 55 70 15 4.47 0.5292
WVFGRD96 80.0 55 70 15 4.47 0.5297
WVFGRD96 82.0 55 70 15 4.47 0.5299
WVFGRD96 84.0 55 70 15 4.48 0.5296
WVFGRD96 86.0 55 70 15 4.48 0.5295
WVFGRD96 88.0 55 70 15 4.48 0.5284
WVFGRD96 90.0 55 70 15 4.49 0.5279
WVFGRD96 92.0 60 65 15 4.48 0.5263
WVFGRD96 94.0 60 65 15 4.49 0.5250
WVFGRD96 96.0 60 70 15 4.49 0.5226
WVFGRD96 98.0 60 70 15 4.49 0.5203
WVFGRD96 100.0 60 70 15 4.49 0.5181
WVFGRD96 102.0 60 70 15 4.49 0.5156
WVFGRD96 104.0 60 70 15 4.50 0.5140
WVFGRD96 106.0 60 70 15 4.50 0.5116
WVFGRD96 108.0 60 70 15 4.50 0.5102
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 82.0 55 70 15 4.47 0.5299
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00