The ANSS event ID is ak02117d7jj0 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak02117d7jj0/executive.
2021/01/26 22:23:25 59.174 -151.663 44.6 4.3 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2021/01/26 22:23:25:0 59.17 -151.66 44.6 4.3 Alaska Stations used: AK.BRLK AK.CNP AK.DIV AK.GHO AK.GLI AK.KLU AK.KNK AK.M20K AK.N19K AK.O18K AK.O19K AK.PWL AK.SAW AK.SLK AT.PMR AV.ILS AV.RED II.KDAK Filtering commands used: cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 3.80e+22 dyne-cm Mw = 4.32 Z = 50 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 200 75 -50 NP2 307 42 -157 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 3.80e+22 20 261 N 0.00e+00 38 8 P -3.80e+22 45 150 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx -1.35e+22 Mxy 1.34e+22 Mxz 1.46e+22 Myy 2.80e+22 Myz -2.15e+22 Mzz -1.46e+22 -------------- ----------------###### ------------------########## --###########----############# ##################--############## ##################------############ ##################----------########## ##################-------------######### ##################--------------######## ##################----------------######## #################------------------####### ### ###########-------------------###### ### T ##########---------------------##### ## ##########----------------------### ##############-----------------------### #############---------- ----------## ###########----------- P ----------# ##########----------- ---------- ########---------------------- #######--------------------- ####------------------ -------------- Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -1.46e+22 1.46e+22 2.15e+22 1.46e+22 -1.35e+22 -1.34e+22 2.15e+22 -1.34e+22 2.80e+22 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20210126222325/index.html |
STK = 200 DIP = 75 RAKE = -50 MW = 4.32 HS = 50.0
The NDK file is 20210126222325.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
The following compares this source inversion to those provided by others. The purpose is to look for major differences and also to note slight differences that might be inherent to the processing procedure. For completeness the USGS/SLU solution is repeated from above.
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2021/01/26 22:23:25:0 59.17 -151.66 44.6 4.3 Alaska Stations used: AK.BRLK AK.CNP AK.DIV AK.GHO AK.GLI AK.KLU AK.KNK AK.M20K AK.N19K AK.O18K AK.O19K AK.PWL AK.SAW AK.SLK AT.PMR AV.ILS AV.RED II.KDAK Filtering commands used: cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 3.80e+22 dyne-cm Mw = 4.32 Z = 50 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 200 75 -50 NP2 307 42 -157 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 3.80e+22 20 261 N 0.00e+00 38 8 P -3.80e+22 45 150 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx -1.35e+22 Mxy 1.34e+22 Mxz 1.46e+22 Myy 2.80e+22 Myz -2.15e+22 Mzz -1.46e+22 -------------- ----------------###### ------------------########## --###########----############# ##################--############## ##################------############ ##################----------########## ##################-------------######### ##################--------------######## ##################----------------######## #################------------------####### ### ###########-------------------###### ### T ##########---------------------##### ## ##########----------------------### ##############-----------------------### #############---------- ----------## ###########----------- P ----------# ##########----------- ---------- ########---------------------- #######--------------------- ####------------------ -------------- Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -1.46e+22 1.46e+22 2.15e+22 1.46e+22 -1.35e+22 -1.34e+22 2.15e+22 -1.34e+22 2.80e+22 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20210126222325/index.html |
Regional Moment Tensor (Mwr) Moment 4.818e+15 N-m Magnitude 4.39 Mwr Depth 50.0 km Percent DC 67% Half Duration - Catalog US Data Source US 3 Contributor US 3 Nodal Planes Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 347 26 -116 NP2 195 66 -78 Principal Axes Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 5.184e+15 N-m 20 276 N -0.843e+15 N-m 11 10 P -4.340e+15 N-m 66 127 |
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT WVFGRD96 2.0 355 45 95 3.72 0.3037 WVFGRD96 4.0 15 85 0 3.68 0.3539 WVFGRD96 6.0 15 75 -15 3.75 0.3874 WVFGRD96 8.0 200 65 -10 3.80 0.4233 WVFGRD96 10.0 200 65 -15 3.84 0.4537 WVFGRD96 12.0 200 65 -20 3.88 0.4794 WVFGRD96 14.0 200 65 -20 3.91 0.5026 WVFGRD96 16.0 205 70 -20 3.93 0.5251 WVFGRD96 18.0 205 70 -25 3.96 0.5485 WVFGRD96 20.0 205 70 -25 3.99 0.5718 WVFGRD96 22.0 205 70 -25 4.01 0.5962 WVFGRD96 24.0 205 75 -25 4.03 0.6180 WVFGRD96 26.0 205 75 -30 4.05 0.6460 WVFGRD96 28.0 205 75 -30 4.07 0.6727 WVFGRD96 30.0 205 75 -35 4.10 0.6955 WVFGRD96 32.0 200 75 -35 4.12 0.7156 WVFGRD96 34.0 200 75 -35 4.14 0.7348 WVFGRD96 36.0 200 75 -35 4.15 0.7496 WVFGRD96 38.0 200 75 -35 4.17 0.7612 WVFGRD96 40.0 200 75 -45 4.25 0.7698 WVFGRD96 42.0 200 75 -50 4.28 0.7786 WVFGRD96 44.0 200 75 -50 4.29 0.7836 WVFGRD96 46.0 200 75 -50 4.30 0.7891 WVFGRD96 48.0 200 75 -50 4.31 0.7930 WVFGRD96 50.0 200 75 -50 4.32 0.7936 WVFGRD96 52.0 200 75 -55 4.34 0.7928 WVFGRD96 54.0 200 75 -55 4.35 0.7905 WVFGRD96 56.0 200 75 -55 4.35 0.7872 WVFGRD96 58.0 200 75 -55 4.36 0.7826 WVFGRD96 60.0 200 75 -55 4.36 0.7798 WVFGRD96 62.0 200 75 -55 4.36 0.7755 WVFGRD96 64.0 200 75 -55 4.37 0.7693 WVFGRD96 66.0 200 75 -55 4.37 0.7616 WVFGRD96 68.0 200 75 -55 4.37 0.7566 WVFGRD96 70.0 200 75 -55 4.38 0.7522 WVFGRD96 72.0 200 75 -55 4.38 0.7463 WVFGRD96 74.0 200 75 -55 4.38 0.7415 WVFGRD96 76.0 200 75 -55 4.39 0.7377 WVFGRD96 78.0 200 75 -55 4.39 0.7320 WVFGRD96 80.0 200 75 -55 4.39 0.7289 WVFGRD96 82.0 200 75 -60 4.40 0.7247 WVFGRD96 84.0 200 75 -60 4.40 0.7198 WVFGRD96 86.0 200 75 -60 4.41 0.7172 WVFGRD96 88.0 200 75 -60 4.41 0.7113 WVFGRD96 90.0 205 75 -60 4.41 0.7087 WVFGRD96 92.0 205 75 -60 4.41 0.7026 WVFGRD96 94.0 230 90 -70 4.43 0.6982 WVFGRD96 96.0 55 85 70 4.44 0.6993 WVFGRD96 98.0 55 85 70 4.44 0.6992
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 50.0 200 75 -50 4.32 0.7936
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3
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Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 Model after 8 iterations ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00