The ANSS event ID is ak020at0jk8z and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak020at0jk8z/executive.
2020/08/22 22:25:53 59.473 -152.563 73.3 3.9 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2020/08/22 22:25:53:0 59.47 -152.56 73.3 3.9 Alaska
Stations used:
AK.BRLK AK.CAPN AK.CNP AK.GLI AK.HOM AK.KNK AK.N18K AK.N19K
AK.O18K AK.O19K AK.P17K AK.Q19K AK.RC01 AK.SKN AK.SLK
AK.SWD AT.PMR AV.ILSW AV.SPU AV.STLK II.KDAK TA.O22K
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 1.55e+22 dyne-cm
Mw = 4.06
Z = 82 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 303 71 159
NP2 40 70 20
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 1.55e+22 28 261
N 0.00e+00 62 83
P -1.55e+22 1 352
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -1.49e+22
Mxy 4.05e+21
Mxz -1.20e+21
Myy 1.15e+22
Myz -6.31e+21
Mzz 3.41e+21
--- P --------
------- ------------
---------------------------#
----------------------------##
------------------------------####
########----------------------######
##############----------------########
##################------------##########
######################-------###########
#########################----#############
##########################################
##### ###################---############
##### T #################-------##########
#### ################----------#######
#####################--------------#####
##################-----------------###
###############--------------------#
############----------------------
#######-----------------------
#---------------------------
----------------------
--------------
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
3.41e+21 -1.20e+21 6.31e+21
-1.20e+21 -1.49e+22 -4.05e+21
6.31e+21 -4.05e+21 1.15e+22
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20200822222553/index.html
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STK = 40
DIP = 70
RAKE = 20
MW = 4.06
HS = 82.0
The NDK file is 20200822222553.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 2.0 305 90 -10 3.05 0.1614
WVFGRD96 4.0 125 90 25 3.18 0.1966
WVFGRD96 6.0 130 60 20 3.27 0.2231
WVFGRD96 8.0 130 60 20 3.36 0.2512
WVFGRD96 10.0 130 65 20 3.40 0.2631
WVFGRD96 12.0 125 65 15 3.45 0.2612
WVFGRD96 14.0 40 75 -30 3.45 0.2549
WVFGRD96 16.0 40 75 -30 3.49 0.2619
WVFGRD96 18.0 40 75 -30 3.52 0.2708
WVFGRD96 20.0 35 70 -25 3.55 0.2822
WVFGRD96 22.0 35 70 -25 3.58 0.2943
WVFGRD96 24.0 35 70 -20 3.61 0.3063
WVFGRD96 26.0 35 70 -20 3.63 0.3172
WVFGRD96 28.0 35 70 -10 3.64 0.3268
WVFGRD96 30.0 40 70 -5 3.65 0.3345
WVFGRD96 32.0 40 70 0 3.67 0.3408
WVFGRD96 34.0 40 65 5 3.69 0.3452
WVFGRD96 36.0 40 70 5 3.71 0.3480
WVFGRD96 38.0 40 70 5 3.74 0.3524
WVFGRD96 40.0 45 55 15 3.82 0.3678
WVFGRD96 42.0 40 65 10 3.83 0.3748
WVFGRD96 44.0 40 65 10 3.86 0.3858
WVFGRD96 46.0 40 65 10 3.88 0.3960
WVFGRD96 48.0 40 65 10 3.90 0.4074
WVFGRD96 50.0 40 65 10 3.92 0.4180
WVFGRD96 52.0 40 70 15 3.93 0.4302
WVFGRD96 54.0 40 70 15 3.95 0.4416
WVFGRD96 56.0 40 70 15 3.96 0.4548
WVFGRD96 58.0 40 70 20 3.98 0.4661
WVFGRD96 60.0 40 70 20 3.99 0.4795
WVFGRD96 62.0 40 70 20 4.00 0.4896
WVFGRD96 64.0 40 70 20 4.01 0.4992
WVFGRD96 66.0 40 70 20 4.02 0.5092
WVFGRD96 68.0 40 70 20 4.03 0.5163
WVFGRD96 70.0 40 70 20 4.03 0.5212
WVFGRD96 72.0 40 70 20 4.04 0.5260
WVFGRD96 74.0 40 70 20 4.05 0.5308
WVFGRD96 76.0 40 70 20 4.05 0.5321
WVFGRD96 78.0 40 70 20 4.06 0.5351
WVFGRD96 80.0 40 70 20 4.06 0.5350
WVFGRD96 82.0 40 70 20 4.06 0.5353
WVFGRD96 84.0 40 70 20 4.07 0.5341
WVFGRD96 86.0 40 70 20 4.07 0.5332
WVFGRD96 88.0 40 70 20 4.07 0.5313
WVFGRD96 90.0 40 70 20 4.08 0.5286
WVFGRD96 92.0 45 65 20 4.08 0.5267
WVFGRD96 94.0 45 65 20 4.09 0.5246
WVFGRD96 96.0 45 65 20 4.09 0.5217
WVFGRD96 98.0 45 65 20 4.09 0.5196
WVFGRD96 100.0 45 65 20 4.09 0.5165
WVFGRD96 102.0 45 65 20 4.10 0.5139
WVFGRD96 104.0 45 65 20 4.10 0.5110
WVFGRD96 106.0 45 65 20 4.10 0.5088
WVFGRD96 108.0 45 70 20 4.09 0.5065
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 82.0 40 70 20 4.06 0.5353
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00