Location

Location ANSS

The ANSS event ID is ak0209z121w6 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak0209z121w6/executive.

2020/08/04 09:13:26 62.405 -149.512 49.5 3.8 Alaska

Focal Mechanism

 USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
 ENS  2020/08/04 09:13:26:0  62.40 -149.51  49.5 3.8 Alaska
 
 Stations used:
   AK.CAST AK.DIV AK.GHO AK.K24K AK.KNK AK.KTH AK.L22K AK.M20K 
   AK.MCK AK.PAX AK.PPLA AK.PWL AK.RC01 AK.RND AK.SAW AK.SCM 
   AK.SKN AK.TRF AT.PMR TA.M22K 
 
 Filtering commands used:
   cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +30
   rtr
   taper w 0.1
   hp c 0.03 n 3 
   lp c 0.10 n 3 
 
 Best Fitting Double Couple
  Mo = 8.32e+21 dyne-cm
  Mw = 3.88 
  Z  = 58 km
  Plane   Strike  Dip  Rake
   NP1      212    76   -111
   NP2       90    25   -35
  Principal Axes:
   Axis    Value   Plunge  Azimuth
    T   8.32e+21     28     319
    N   0.00e+00     20     218
    P  -8.32e+21     54      97

 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
    Component   Value
       Mxx     3.65e+21
       Mxy    -2.88e+21
       Mxz     3.07e+21
       Myy    -2.52e+14
       Myz    -6.18e+21
       Mzz    -3.65e+21
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                     ##############                  
                 ######################              
              #######################-----           
             ####   ##############---------          
           ###### T #############------------        
          #######   ###########---------------       
         ####################------------------      
        ####################--------------------     
        ###################---------------------     
       ###################-----------------------    
       #################-----------   -----------    
       ################------------ P -----------    
       -##############-------------   ----------#    
        -############--------------------------#     
        --##########--------------------------##     
         --#########-------------------------##      
          ---######------------------------###       
           -----##----------------------#####        
             -----#------------------######          
              ---#########----############           
                 ######################              
                     ##############                  
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
 Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
      R          T          P
 -3.65e+21   3.07e+21   6.18e+21 
  3.07e+21   3.65e+21   2.88e+21 
  6.18e+21   2.88e+21  -2.52e+14 


Details of the solution is found at

http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20200804091326/index.html
        

Preferred Solution

The preferred solution from an analysis of the surface-wave spectral amplitude radiation pattern, waveform inversion or first motion observations is

      STK = 90
      DIP = 25
     RAKE = -35
       MW = 3.88
       HS = 58.0

The NDK file is 20200804091326.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.

Magnitudes

Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.

ML Magnitude


Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot. Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.


Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot. Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.

Context

The left panel of the next figure presents the focal mechanism for this earthquake (red) in the context of other nearby events (blue) in the SLU Moment Tensor Catalog. The right panel shows the inferred direction of maximum compressive stress and the type of faulting (green is strike-slip, red is normal, blue is thrust; oblique is shown by a combination of colors). Thus context plot is useful for assessing the appropriateness of the moment tensor of this event.

Waveform Inversion using wvfgrd96

The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
Location of broadband stations used for waveform inversion

The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.

The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:

cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +30
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3 
lp c 0.10 n 3 
The results of this grid search are as follow:

           DEPTH  STK   DIP  RAKE   MW    FIT
WVFGRD96    2.0    45    50    80   3.04 0.1729
WVFGRD96    4.0     0    65   -40   3.09 0.1814
WVFGRD96    6.0     0    70   -40   3.15 0.2146
WVFGRD96    8.0   185    85   -55   3.25 0.2443
WVFGRD96   10.0    15    75    45   3.29 0.2723
WVFGRD96   12.0    15    75    45   3.33 0.2951
WVFGRD96   14.0    15    75    45   3.36 0.3058
WVFGRD96   16.0    15    70    40   3.39 0.3091
WVFGRD96   18.0    15    80    50   3.41 0.3074
WVFGRD96   20.0   110    55    15   3.44 0.3063
WVFGRD96   22.0   110    50    15   3.48 0.3277
WVFGRD96   24.0   110    50    10   3.50 0.3478
WVFGRD96   26.0   105    50     5   3.53 0.3660
WVFGRD96   28.0   105    45     5   3.56 0.3831
WVFGRD96   30.0   110    45    20   3.58 0.3977
WVFGRD96   32.0   110    40    15   3.60 0.4144
WVFGRD96   34.0   110    45    15   3.62 0.4384
WVFGRD96   36.0   100    40   -10   3.63 0.4625
WVFGRD96   38.0   100    40   -10   3.65 0.4903
WVFGRD96   40.0    95    30   -20   3.77 0.5165
WVFGRD96   42.0    95    30   -20   3.79 0.5530
WVFGRD96   44.0    95    30   -25   3.80 0.5880
WVFGRD96   46.0    95    30   -25   3.82 0.6201
WVFGRD96   48.0    90    30   -35   3.83 0.6483
WVFGRD96   50.0    95    30   -30   3.84 0.6695
WVFGRD96   52.0    90    30   -35   3.85 0.6875
WVFGRD96   54.0    95    30   -30   3.86 0.6975
WVFGRD96   56.0    90    25   -35   3.88 0.7065
WVFGRD96   58.0    90    25   -35   3.88 0.7103
WVFGRD96   60.0    90    25   -35   3.89 0.7075
WVFGRD96   62.0    90    25   -35   3.90 0.7059
WVFGRD96   64.0    90    25   -35   3.90 0.7006
WVFGRD96   66.0    95    25   -30   3.91 0.6925
WVFGRD96   68.0    95    25   -30   3.91 0.6842
WVFGRD96   70.0    95    25   -30   3.91 0.6738
WVFGRD96   72.0    95    25   -30   3.92 0.6638
WVFGRD96   74.0    90    25   -40   3.92 0.6532
WVFGRD96   76.0    90    25   -40   3.92 0.6439
WVFGRD96   78.0    90    25   -40   3.92 0.6333
WVFGRD96   80.0    90    25   -40   3.92 0.6240
WVFGRD96   82.0    80    20   -45   3.93 0.6117
WVFGRD96   84.0    75    15   -55   3.95 0.6024
WVFGRD96   86.0    80    15   -55   3.95 0.5932
WVFGRD96   88.0    80    15   -55   3.95 0.5827
WVFGRD96   90.0    75    15   -60   3.95 0.5746
WVFGRD96   92.0    75    15   -60   3.95 0.5650
WVFGRD96   94.0    75    15   -60   3.95 0.5544
WVFGRD96   96.0    65    20   -70   3.93 0.5444
WVFGRD96   98.0    50    20   -85   3.93 0.5362
WVFGRD96  100.0    50    20   -85   3.93 0.5308
WVFGRD96  102.0   225    70   -90   3.93 0.5242
WVFGRD96  104.0    50    20   -85   3.93 0.5156
WVFGRD96  106.0   120    15   -10   3.97 0.5126
WVFGRD96  108.0    50    20   -85   3.93 0.5038

The best solution is

WVFGRD96   58.0    90    25   -35   3.88 0.7103

The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
Figure 1. Waveform inversion focal mechanism

The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:

Figure 2. Depth sensitivity for waveform mechanism

The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).

The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was

cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +30
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3 
lp c 0.10 n 3 
Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample.

Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure.

A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:

Assuming only a mislocation, the time shifts are fit to a functional form:

 Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth

The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:

The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.

Velocity Model

The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).

MODEL.01
Model after     8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
      H(KM)   VP(KM/S)   VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC)         QP         QS       ETAP       ETAS      FREFP      FREFS
     1.9000     3.4065     2.0089     2.2150  0.302E-02  0.679E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     6.1000     5.5445     3.2953     2.6089  0.349E-02  0.784E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    13.0000     6.2708     3.7396     2.7812  0.212E-02  0.476E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    19.0000     6.4075     3.7680     2.8223  0.111E-02  0.249E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     0.0000     7.9000     4.6200     3.2760  0.164E-10  0.370E-10   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
Last Changed Thu Apr 25 08:13:10 PM CDT 2024