The ANSS event ID is ak0209vq2cuz and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak0209vq2cuz/executive.
2020/08/02 09:27:15 63.368 -155.375 5.7 3.7 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2020/08/02 09:27:15:0 63.37 -155.38 5.7 3.7 Alaska
Stations used:
AK.BWN AK.CAST AK.CCB AK.CUT AK.DHY AK.GHO AK.H21K AK.H22K
AK.HDA AK.I21K AK.I23K AK.J17K AK.J19K AK.J20K AK.K20K
AK.KNK AK.KTH AK.L18K AK.L19K AK.L22K AK.M20K AK.MCK AK.MLY
AK.N18K AK.N19K AK.NEA2 AK.O18K AK.O19K AK.PPLA AK.SKN
AK.TRF AK.WRH AV.ILSW AV.SPU IU.COLA TA.F19K TA.F20K
TA.F21K TA.G16K TA.G19K TA.H19K TA.I17K TA.I20K TA.J16K
TA.L14K TA.L16K TA.M16K TA.M17K TA.N15K TA.N17K TA.O16K
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 2.48e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.53
Z = 13 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 155 80 30
NP2 59 61 168
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 2.48e+21 28 21
N 0.00e+00 59 172
P -2.48e+21 13 284
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 1.55e+21
Mxy 1.20e+21
Mxz 8.32e+20
Myy -1.97e+21
Myz 9.00e+20
Mzz 4.25e+20
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- ----------######################----
- P -----------####################-----
-- ------------##################-------
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Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
4.25e+20 8.32e+20 -9.00e+20
8.32e+20 1.55e+21 -1.20e+21
-9.00e+20 -1.20e+21 -1.97e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20200802092715/index.html
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STK = 155
DIP = 80
RAKE = 30
MW = 3.53
HS = 13.0
The NDK file is 20200802092715.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 150 90 0 3.04 0.3586
WVFGRD96 2.0 330 90 0 3.17 0.4387
WVFGRD96 3.0 155 80 30 3.25 0.4387
WVFGRD96 4.0 150 90 -45 3.31 0.4734
WVFGRD96 5.0 150 90 -45 3.33 0.5132
WVFGRD96 6.0 330 90 40 3.35 0.5450
WVFGRD96 7.0 155 80 35 3.38 0.5769
WVFGRD96 8.0 330 90 -40 3.44 0.5983
WVFGRD96 9.0 330 90 -35 3.46 0.6186
WVFGRD96 10.0 155 80 35 3.48 0.6361
WVFGRD96 11.0 155 80 30 3.50 0.6467
WVFGRD96 12.0 155 80 30 3.51 0.6526
WVFGRD96 13.0 155 80 30 3.53 0.6533
WVFGRD96 14.0 155 75 30 3.54 0.6493
WVFGRD96 15.0 155 75 30 3.56 0.6415
WVFGRD96 16.0 155 75 25 3.57 0.6314
WVFGRD96 17.0 155 75 25 3.58 0.6186
WVFGRD96 18.0 155 75 25 3.59 0.6032
WVFGRD96 19.0 155 75 30 3.60 0.5867
WVFGRD96 20.0 155 75 30 3.61 0.5689
WVFGRD96 21.0 155 75 30 3.62 0.5502
WVFGRD96 22.0 155 75 30 3.62 0.5306
WVFGRD96 23.0 155 75 30 3.63 0.5104
WVFGRD96 24.0 155 75 30 3.64 0.4902
WVFGRD96 25.0 155 75 30 3.64 0.4690
WVFGRD96 26.0 155 75 30 3.64 0.4485
WVFGRD96 27.0 155 80 35 3.65 0.4274
WVFGRD96 28.0 155 80 35 3.65 0.4075
WVFGRD96 29.0 155 80 35 3.65 0.3870
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 13.0 155 80 30 3.53 0.6533
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00