Left: mLg computed using the IASPEI formula. Center: mLg residuals versus epicentral distance ; the values used for the trimmed mean magnitude estimate are indicated. Right: residuals as a function of distance and azimuth.
The ANSS event ID is ak020bucjds and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak020bucjds/executive.
2020/01/07 16:10:15 63.119 -151.474 16.2 3.2 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2020/01/07 16:10:15:0 63.12 -151.47 16.2 3.2 Alaska
Stations used:
AK.BPAW AK.CUT AK.DHY AK.H22K AK.J19K AK.J20K AK.J25K
AK.K20K AK.KLU AK.KNK AK.KTH AK.L18K AK.L19K AK.L22K AK.MCK
AK.N19K AK.NEA2 AK.PAX AK.PPLA AK.PWL AK.RC01 AK.RND AK.SAW
AK.SCM AK.SKN AK.SSN AK.TRF AT.PMR IM.IL31 TA.I20K TA.J18K
TA.K17K TA.M22K
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +60
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 1.33e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.35
Z = 17 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 190 55 60
NP2 55 45 126
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 1.33e+21 65 43
N 0.00e+00 24 208
P -1.33e+21 6 301
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -2.20e+20
Mxy 6.99e+20
Mxz 3.08e+20
Myy -8.66e+20
Myz 4.55e+20
Mzz 1.09e+21
---------#####
----------############
------------################
-----------###################
----------######################
P ---------#######################-
- --------########################--
-------------########## ###########---
------------########### T ###########---
-------------########### ##########-----
------------########################------
------------#######################-------
------------######################--------
-----------#####################--------
-----------###################----------
----------#################-----------
---------##############-------------
---------#########----------------
####---###--------------------
#######---------------------
#####-----------------
##------------
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
1.09e+21 3.08e+20 -4.55e+20
3.08e+20 -2.20e+20 -6.99e+20
-4.55e+20 -6.99e+20 -8.66e+20
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20200107161015/index.html
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STK = 190
DIP = 55
RAKE = 60
MW = 3.35
HS = 17.0
The NDK file is 20200107161015.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: mLg computed using the IASPEI formula. Center: mLg residuals versus epicentral distance ; the values used for the trimmed mean magnitude estimate are indicated.
Right: residuals as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +60 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 0 90 5 2.80 0.2177
WVFGRD96 2.0 295 45 -90 3.06 0.3631
WVFGRD96 3.0 175 70 -35 3.04 0.3181
WVFGRD96 4.0 175 75 -50 3.11 0.3384
WVFGRD96 5.0 290 15 -5 3.22 0.4240
WVFGRD96 6.0 245 15 -50 3.24 0.4892
WVFGRD96 7.0 200 80 80 3.22 0.5227
WVFGRD96 8.0 235 15 -60 3.30 0.5404
WVFGRD96 9.0 200 75 80 3.30 0.5544
WVFGRD96 10.0 200 70 85 3.30 0.5686
WVFGRD96 11.0 200 65 80 3.31 0.5819
WVFGRD96 12.0 200 60 80 3.32 0.5915
WVFGRD96 13.0 195 55 70 3.32 0.6011
WVFGRD96 14.0 195 55 70 3.33 0.6090
WVFGRD96 15.0 195 50 65 3.34 0.6145
WVFGRD96 16.0 195 50 65 3.34 0.6176
WVFGRD96 17.0 190 55 60 3.35 0.6188
WVFGRD96 18.0 190 55 60 3.36 0.6187
WVFGRD96 19.0 190 55 60 3.36 0.6172
WVFGRD96 20.0 190 55 60 3.37 0.6141
WVFGRD96 21.0 190 55 60 3.39 0.6086
WVFGRD96 22.0 190 55 60 3.40 0.6025
WVFGRD96 23.0 190 55 60 3.41 0.5948
WVFGRD96 24.0 190 55 60 3.42 0.5856
WVFGRD96 25.0 190 55 60 3.42 0.5747
WVFGRD96 26.0 190 55 60 3.43 0.5623
WVFGRD96 27.0 195 60 60 3.44 0.5498
WVFGRD96 28.0 195 60 60 3.45 0.5375
WVFGRD96 29.0 195 60 60 3.45 0.5247
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 17.0 190 55 60 3.35 0.6188
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +60 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00