The ANSS event ID is ak019ez5u73j and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak019ez5u73j/executive.
2019/11/22 01:07:58 61.334 -149.981 46.6 4 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2019/11/22 01:07:58:0 61.33 -149.98 46.6 4.0 Alaska
Stations used:
AK.FIRE AK.GHO AK.PWL AK.RC01 AK.SAW AK.SKN AK.SSN AT.PMR
AV.STLK TA.M22K
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.15 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 9.89e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.93
Z = 38 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 190 85 -80
NP2 306 11 -153
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 9.89e+21 39 271
N 0.00e+00 10 9
P -9.89e+21 49 111
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -5.34e+20
Mxy 1.32e+21
Mxz 1.81e+21
Myy 2.22e+21
Myz -9.42e+21
Mzz -1.69e+21
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####### ##########--------------------##
####### T ##########--------------------##
####### ##########--------- ---------#
###################---------- P ---------#
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Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-1.69e+21 1.81e+21 9.42e+21
1.81e+21 -5.34e+20 -1.32e+21
9.42e+21 -1.32e+21 2.22e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20191122010758/index.html
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STK = 190
DIP = 85
RAKE = -80
MW = 3.93
HS = 38.0
The NDK file is 20191122010758.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.15 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 2.0 10 70 30 3.31 0.1637
WVFGRD96 4.0 5 85 -40 3.42 0.1857
WVFGRD96 6.0 275 60 -5 3.52 0.2267
WVFGRD96 8.0 280 65 10 3.66 0.2675
WVFGRD96 10.0 275 65 0 3.73 0.2902
WVFGRD96 12.0 280 70 10 3.79 0.2909
WVFGRD96 14.0 100 60 15 3.80 0.2874
WVFGRD96 16.0 100 55 10 3.82 0.2854
WVFGRD96 18.0 100 50 10 3.83 0.2822
WVFGRD96 20.0 105 45 15 3.85 0.2807
WVFGRD96 22.0 110 45 25 3.87 0.2829
WVFGRD96 24.0 145 15 50 3.88 0.2908
WVFGRD96 26.0 5 80 95 3.90 0.3059
WVFGRD96 28.0 5 80 95 3.91 0.3151
WVFGRD96 30.0 5 80 95 3.92 0.3164
WVFGRD96 32.0 150 10 50 3.93 0.3280
WVFGRD96 34.0 140 10 40 3.94 0.3481
WVFGRD96 36.0 195 90 -80 3.95 0.3596
WVFGRD96 38.0 190 85 -80 3.93 0.3616
WVFGRD96 40.0 65 5 -35 4.05 0.3538
WVFGRD96 42.0 190 85 -85 4.06 0.3555
WVFGRD96 44.0 185 80 -85 4.06 0.3536
WVFGRD96 46.0 185 80 -85 4.07 0.3556
WVFGRD96 48.0 -15 10 -110 4.07 0.3567
WVFGRD96 50.0 -5 10 -95 4.08 0.3538
WVFGRD96 52.0 0 10 -90 4.09 0.3550
WVFGRD96 54.0 -10 15 -95 4.10 0.3508
WVFGRD96 56.0 0 15 -85 4.11 0.3469
WVFGRD96 58.0 85 30 -25 4.13 0.3423
WVFGRD96 60.0 85 30 -30 4.14 0.3393
WVFGRD96 62.0 85 30 -30 4.15 0.3374
WVFGRD96 64.0 175 70 -85 4.14 0.3321
WVFGRD96 66.0 175 70 -90 4.14 0.3284
WVFGRD96 68.0 170 70 -90 4.15 0.3249
WVFGRD96 70.0 5 20 -80 4.15 0.3212
WVFGRD96 72.0 80 35 -45 4.21 0.3199
WVFGRD96 74.0 80 35 -45 4.21 0.3172
WVFGRD96 76.0 80 35 -45 4.22 0.3138
WVFGRD96 78.0 80 40 -40 4.23 0.3102
WVFGRD96 80.0 80 40 -40 4.23 0.3058
WVFGRD96 82.0 80 40 -45 4.25 0.3027
WVFGRD96 84.0 110 30 10 4.18 0.3010
WVFGRD96 86.0 110 30 10 4.18 0.2986
WVFGRD96 88.0 110 30 10 4.18 0.2981
WVFGRD96 90.0 110 30 10 4.18 0.2930
WVFGRD96 92.0 110 30 10 4.19 0.2937
WVFGRD96 94.0 100 10 15 4.17 0.2909
WVFGRD96 96.0 55 10 -30 4.17 0.2827
WVFGRD96 98.0 75 40 -50 4.28 0.2760
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 38.0 190 85 -80 3.93 0.3616
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.15 n 3
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00