Left: mLg computed using the IASPEI formula. Center: mLg residuals versus epicentral distance ; the values used for the trimmed mean magnitude estimate are indicated. Right: residuals as a function of distance and azimuth.
The ANSS event ID is us70003tzp and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70003tzp/executive.
2019/05/31 23:44:49 39.215 -99.432 5.0 3.5 Kansas
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2019/05/31 23:44:49:0 39.22 -99.43 5.0 3.5 Kansas
Stations used:
C0.LAMA N4.KSCO N4.N35B N4.R32B N4.T35B O2.MRSH O2.PERY
O2.SC18 OK.CROK TX.DRZT US.CBKS US.KSU1 US.OGNE
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +40
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 2.66e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.55
Z = 3 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 130 70 -55
NP2 246 40 -148
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 2.66e+21 18 195
N 0.00e+00 33 297
P -2.66e+21 52 81
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 2.23e+21
Mxy 4.41e+20
Mxz -9.43e+20
Myy -8.33e+20
Myz -1.47e+21
Mzz -1.40e+21
##############
######################
############################
##############################
-############-----------------####
---#######-------------------------#
-----####-----------------------------
-------#--------------------------------
------###-------------------------------
-----######------------------ ----------
----#########---------------- P ----------
---###########--------------- ----------
---#############--------------------------
-#################----------------------
-###################--------------------
######################----------------
########################------------
###########################-------
##############################
######## #################
##### T ##############
# ##########
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-1.40e+21 -9.43e+20 1.47e+21
-9.43e+20 2.23e+21 -4.41e+20
1.47e+21 -4.41e+20 -8.33e+20
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20190531234449/index.html
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STK = 130
DIP = 70
RAKE = -55
MW = 3.55
HS = 3.0
The NDK file is 20190531234449.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: mLg computed using the IASPEI formula. Center: mLg residuals versus epicentral distance ; the values used for the trimmed mean magnitude estimate are indicated.
Right: residuals as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +40 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 140 85 -60 3.59 0.5088
WVFGRD96 2.0 135 75 -55 3.55 0.5147
WVFGRD96 3.0 130 70 -55 3.55 0.5181
WVFGRD96 4.0 135 70 -50 3.55 0.5146
WVFGRD96 5.0 135 70 -45 3.54 0.5081
WVFGRD96 6.0 140 75 -40 3.53 0.5007
WVFGRD96 7.0 140 75 -40 3.54 0.4950
WVFGRD96 8.0 175 50 75 3.64 0.4881
WVFGRD96 9.0 145 85 -35 3.54 0.4818
WVFGRD96 10.0 325 90 35 3.56 0.4728
WVFGRD96 11.0 330 70 30 3.57 0.4647
WVFGRD96 12.0 335 60 35 3.60 0.4563
WVFGRD96 13.0 335 65 35 3.60 0.4470
WVFGRD96 14.0 335 65 35 3.61 0.4370
WVFGRD96 15.0 335 60 35 3.62 0.4264
WVFGRD96 16.0 335 60 40 3.62 0.4158
WVFGRD96 17.0 335 60 40 3.63 0.4050
WVFGRD96 18.0 335 60 40 3.63 0.3949
WVFGRD96 19.0 340 60 50 3.65 0.3869
WVFGRD96 20.0 345 55 60 3.69 0.3831
WVFGRD96 21.0 350 55 65 3.71 0.3795
WVFGRD96 22.0 350 55 65 3.71 0.3778
WVFGRD96 23.0 350 55 65 3.72 0.3764
WVFGRD96 24.0 350 55 65 3.73 0.3749
WVFGRD96 25.0 350 55 65 3.73 0.3736
WVFGRD96 26.0 350 55 65 3.74 0.3717
WVFGRD96 27.0 355 60 70 3.75 0.3687
WVFGRD96 28.0 355 60 70 3.76 0.3640
WVFGRD96 29.0 350 55 65 3.76 0.3585
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 3.0 130 70 -55 3.55 0.5181
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +40 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The CUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 CUS Model with Q from simple gamma values ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.0000 5.0000 2.8900 2.5000 0.172E-02 0.387E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 9.0000 6.1000 3.5200 2.7300 0.160E-02 0.363E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 10.0000 6.4000 3.7000 2.8200 0.149E-02 0.336E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 20.0000 6.7000 3.8700 2.9020 0.000E-04 0.000E-04 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 8.1500 4.7000 3.3640 0.194E-02 0.431E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00