Left: mLg computed using the IASPEI formula. Center: mLg residuals versus epicentral distance ; the values used for the trimmed mean magnitude estimate are indicated. Right: residuals as a function of distance and azimuth.
The ANSS event ID is ak0194vdzjyo and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak0194vdzjyo/executive.
2019/04/16 05:07:46 66.299 -157.242 9.3 4.8 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2019/04/16 05:07:46:0 66.30 -157.24 9.3 4.8 Alaska
Stations used:
AK.ANM AK.BPAW AK.BWN AK.CAST AK.CHUM AK.COLD AK.GCSA
AK.KTH AK.PPLA AK.RDOG AK.TRF AT.TTA IU.COLA TA.B18K
TA.B20K TA.B21K TA.C16K TA.C18K TA.C21K TA.D17K TA.D19K
TA.D20K TA.D22K TA.D23K TA.E17K TA.E18K TA.E19K TA.E20K
TA.E22K TA.E23K TA.E24K TA.F14K TA.F15K TA.F17K TA.F18K
TA.F19K TA.F20K TA.F21K TA.F24K TA.G15K TA.G16K TA.G17K
TA.G18K TA.G21K TA.G22K TA.G23K TA.G24K TA.H16K TA.H17K
TA.H18K TA.H19K TA.H20K TA.H21K TA.H22K TA.H23K TA.H24K
TA.I17K TA.I20K TA.I21K TA.I23K TA.J16K TA.J17K TA.J18K
TA.J19K TA.J20K TA.K17K TA.K20K TA.L18K TA.L20K TA.TOLK
XV.F2TN XV.F3TN XV.F6TP XV.F7TV XV.F8KN XV.FAPT XV.FNN1
XV.FPAP XV.FTGH
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.07 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 1.19e+23 dyne-cm
Mw = 4.65
Z = 10 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 165 80 -30
NP2 261 61 -168
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 1.19e+23 13 216
N 0.00e+00 59 328
P -1.19e+23 28 119
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 5.20e+22
Mxy 9.29e+22
Mxz 2.81e+21
Myy -3.17e+22
Myz -5.86e+22
Mzz -2.03e+22
--############
------################
---------###################
----------####################
------------######################
-------------#######################
---------------#######################
---------------#-------------------#####
---------#######-----------------------#
-------###########------------------------
----##############------------------------
--#################-----------------------
-##################-----------------------
###################------------- -----
###################------------- P -----
###################------------ ----
###################-----------------
#### ###########----------------
## T ############-------------
# #############-----------
###############-------
############--
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-2.03e+22 2.81e+21 5.86e+22
2.81e+21 5.20e+22 -9.29e+22
5.86e+22 -9.29e+22 -3.17e+22
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20190416050746/index.html
|
STK = 165
DIP = 80
RAKE = -30
MW = 4.65
HS = 10.0
The NDK file is 20190416050746.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: mLg computed using the IASPEI formula. Center: mLg residuals versus epicentral distance ; the values used for the trimmed mean magnitude estimate are indicated.
Right: residuals as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
 |
The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
|
|
|
The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 170 90 -5 4.28 0.4064
WVFGRD96 2.0 170 90 -10 4.39 0.5128
WVFGRD96 3.0 170 90 -15 4.44 0.5546
WVFGRD96 4.0 165 75 -35 4.51 0.5839
WVFGRD96 5.0 165 75 -35 4.54 0.6216
WVFGRD96 6.0 165 75 -35 4.56 0.6531
WVFGRD96 7.0 165 80 -30 4.58 0.6784
WVFGRD96 8.0 160 70 -40 4.63 0.7062
WVFGRD96 9.0 165 75 -35 4.64 0.7143
WVFGRD96 10.0 165 80 -30 4.65 0.7183
WVFGRD96 11.0 165 80 -30 4.66 0.7168
WVFGRD96 12.0 165 80 -25 4.67 0.7125
WVFGRD96 13.0 350 90 25 4.68 0.7018
WVFGRD96 14.0 350 90 20 4.69 0.6937
WVFGRD96 15.0 170 90 -20 4.70 0.6835
WVFGRD96 16.0 170 90 -20 4.70 0.6715
WVFGRD96 17.0 170 90 -20 4.71 0.6593
WVFGRD96 18.0 350 90 20 4.72 0.6464
WVFGRD96 19.0 170 90 -20 4.72 0.6328
WVFGRD96 20.0 350 90 20 4.73 0.6185
WVFGRD96 21.0 170 90 -20 4.74 0.6041
WVFGRD96 22.0 350 85 20 4.74 0.5897
WVFGRD96 23.0 350 85 20 4.75 0.5750
WVFGRD96 24.0 350 85 20 4.75 0.5600
WVFGRD96 25.0 350 85 20 4.76 0.5455
WVFGRD96 26.0 350 85 20 4.76 0.5309
WVFGRD96 27.0 350 80 15 4.77 0.5168
WVFGRD96 28.0 350 80 15 4.77 0.5029
WVFGRD96 29.0 350 80 15 4.77 0.4892
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 10.0 165 80 -30 4.65 0.7183
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
|
|
|
The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
|
|
|
The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3
|
| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
|
| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00