Left: mLg computed using the IASPEI formula. Center: mLg residuals versus epicentral distance ; the values used for the trimmed mean magnitude estimate are indicated. Right: residuals as a function of distance and azimuth.
The ANSS event ID is us2000dz9t and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us2000dz9t/executive.
2018/04/12 23:44:32 60.867 -138.266 10.0 4.1 Yukon
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2018/04/12 23:44:32:0 60.87 -138.27 10.0 4.1 Yukon
Stations used:
AK.BARN AK.BCP AK.BERG AK.CRQ AK.CTG AK.DIV AK.GLB AK.GRNC
AK.ISLE AK.JIS AK.KAI AK.KLU AK.LOGN AK.MCAR AK.MESA AK.SSP
AK.TABL AK.TGL AK.VRDI AK.WAX AT.SKAG CN.DAWY CN.HYT CN.WHY
NY.FARO NY.MAYO NY.MMPY TA.J29N TA.J30M TA.K29M TA.L27K
TA.L29M TA.M27K TA.M29M TA.M31M TA.N25K TA.N30M TA.N31M
TA.N32M TA.O29M TA.O30N TA.P29M TA.P32M TA.P33M TA.S31K
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 1.60e+22 dyne-cm
Mw = 4.07
Z = 8 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 136 62 112
NP2 275 35 55
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 1.60e+22 66 85
N 0.00e+00 19 305
P -1.60e+22 14 210
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -1.13e+22
Mxy -6.27e+21
Mxz 3.82e+21
Myy -1.01e+21
Myz 7.90e+21
Mzz 1.23e+22
--------------
----------------------
----------------------------
------------------------------
###----##################---------
####-#########################------
###--############################-----
##-----#############################----
#-------##############################--
#---------################ ###########--
-----------############### T ############-
------------############## ############-
--------------############################
---------------#########################
----------------########################
------------------####################
-------------------#################
---------------------#############
----- ----------------######
---- P ---------------------
- ------------------
--------------
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
1.23e+22 3.82e+21 -7.90e+21
3.82e+21 -1.13e+22 6.27e+21
-7.90e+21 6.27e+21 -1.01e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20180412234432/index.html
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STK = 275
DIP = 35
RAKE = 55
MW = 4.07
HS = 8.0
The NDK file is 20180412234432.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: mLg computed using the IASPEI formula. Center: mLg residuals versus epicentral distance ; the values used for the trimmed mean magnitude estimate are indicated.
Right: residuals as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 250 20 5 4.15 0.4569
WVFGRD96 2.0 250 25 5 4.06 0.5131
WVFGRD96 3.0 255 30 15 4.03 0.5618
WVFGRD96 4.0 265 30 35 4.03 0.6062
WVFGRD96 5.0 275 30 55 4.06 0.6482
WVFGRD96 6.0 275 35 55 4.07 0.6789
WVFGRD96 7.0 275 35 55 4.07 0.6948
WVFGRD96 8.0 275 35 55 4.07 0.6964
WVFGRD96 9.0 280 35 60 4.07 0.6904
WVFGRD96 10.0 275 35 55 4.10 0.6833
WVFGRD96 11.0 270 40 45 4.09 0.6674
WVFGRD96 12.0 270 40 45 4.09 0.6500
WVFGRD96 13.0 270 40 45 4.10 0.6301
WVFGRD96 14.0 265 40 35 4.09 0.6102
WVFGRD96 15.0 265 45 35 4.10 0.5896
WVFGRD96 16.0 265 45 35 4.11 0.5694
WVFGRD96 17.0 265 45 35 4.11 0.5490
WVFGRD96 18.0 265 45 30 4.11 0.5290
WVFGRD96 19.0 260 45 25 4.12 0.5095
WVFGRD96 20.0 265 40 30 4.14 0.4924
WVFGRD96 21.0 265 40 30 4.15 0.4746
WVFGRD96 22.0 265 45 30 4.16 0.4575
WVFGRD96 23.0 265 40 30 4.16 0.4411
WVFGRD96 24.0 265 40 30 4.17 0.4254
WVFGRD96 25.0 260 40 20 4.17 0.4106
WVFGRD96 26.0 260 40 20 4.18 0.3977
WVFGRD96 27.0 260 40 20 4.18 0.3859
WVFGRD96 28.0 260 40 20 4.19 0.3745
WVFGRD96 29.0 260 40 20 4.20 0.3631
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 8.0 275 35 55 4.07 0.6964
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The CUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 CUS Model with Q from simple gamma values ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.0000 5.0000 2.8900 2.5000 0.172E-02 0.387E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 9.0000 6.1000 3.5200 2.7300 0.160E-02 0.363E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 10.0000 6.4000 3.7000 2.8200 0.149E-02 0.336E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 20.0000 6.7000 3.8700 2.9020 0.000E-04 0.000E-04 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 8.1500 4.7000 3.3640 0.194E-02 0.431E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00