The ANSS event ID is ak017bjfefs4 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak017bjfefs4/executive.
2017/09/08 19:33:08 59.254 -152.560 64.0 4 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2017/09/08 19:33:08:0 59.25 -152.56 64.0 4.0 Alaska Stations used: AK.BRLK AK.CNP AK.HOM II.KDAK TA.P19K TA.Q19K TA.Q20K Filtering commands used: cut o DIST/3.5 -30 o DIST/3.5 +70 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 1.55e+22 dyne-cm Mw = 4.06 Z = 78 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 65 70 30 NP2 324 62 157 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 1.55e+22 35 287 N 0.00e+00 54 96 P -1.55e+22 5 193 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx -1.37e+22 Mxy -6.20e+21 Mxz 3.44e+21 Myy 8.77e+21 Myz -6.66e+21 Mzz 4.98e+21 -------------- ---------------------- ######---------------------- ###########------------------- ###############------------------- ##################------------------ #####################----------------- ###### ###############-------------### ###### T ################-----------#### ####### ##################-------####### #############################---########## ########################################## ###########################----########### ######################---------######### ##################-------------######### ##########---------------------####### ------------------------------###### -----------------------------##### ----------------------------## --------------------------## ----- -------------- - P ---------- Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P 4.98e+21 3.44e+21 6.66e+21 3.44e+21 -1.37e+22 6.20e+21 6.66e+21 6.20e+21 8.77e+21 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20170908193308/index.html |
STK = 65 DIP = 70 RAKE = 30 MW = 4.06 HS = 78.0
The NDK file is 20170908193308.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.5 -30 o DIST/3.5 +70 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT WVFGRD96 2.0 310 55 -55 3.30 0.3140 WVFGRD96 4.0 330 80 35 3.35 0.3730 WVFGRD96 6.0 330 80 30 3.41 0.4108 WVFGRD96 8.0 335 75 35 3.50 0.4193 WVFGRD96 10.0 335 70 30 3.54 0.4096 WVFGRD96 12.0 240 65 5 3.56 0.4054 WVFGRD96 14.0 240 65 10 3.60 0.4178 WVFGRD96 16.0 245 70 15 3.62 0.4276 WVFGRD96 18.0 245 70 15 3.65 0.4388 WVFGRD96 20.0 245 70 10 3.67 0.4528 WVFGRD96 22.0 245 70 10 3.69 0.4703 WVFGRD96 24.0 245 75 5 3.71 0.4907 WVFGRD96 26.0 65 75 15 3.74 0.5147 WVFGRD96 28.0 65 75 15 3.75 0.5410 WVFGRD96 30.0 245 90 -20 3.77 0.5631 WVFGRD96 32.0 65 80 25 3.79 0.5845 WVFGRD96 34.0 65 75 25 3.80 0.5976 WVFGRD96 36.0 60 65 5 3.82 0.6079 WVFGRD96 38.0 65 70 15 3.84 0.6221 WVFGRD96 40.0 65 65 25 3.89 0.6287 WVFGRD96 42.0 65 60 25 3.93 0.6353 WVFGRD96 44.0 65 60 25 3.94 0.6377 WVFGRD96 46.0 65 65 30 3.96 0.6453 WVFGRD96 48.0 65 65 30 3.97 0.6534 WVFGRD96 50.0 65 65 35 3.99 0.6603 WVFGRD96 52.0 65 65 35 4.00 0.6662 WVFGRD96 54.0 65 65 35 4.01 0.6716 WVFGRD96 56.0 65 65 35 4.02 0.6780 WVFGRD96 58.0 65 65 35 4.02 0.6803 WVFGRD96 60.0 65 65 30 4.02 0.6841 WVFGRD96 62.0 65 65 30 4.03 0.6862 WVFGRD96 64.0 65 65 30 4.04 0.6872 WVFGRD96 66.0 65 65 30 4.04 0.6877 WVFGRD96 68.0 60 70 30 4.05 0.6886 WVFGRD96 70.0 60 70 30 4.05 0.6894 WVFGRD96 72.0 65 70 30 4.05 0.6916 WVFGRD96 74.0 65 70 30 4.05 0.6928 WVFGRD96 76.0 65 70 30 4.06 0.6932 WVFGRD96 78.0 65 70 30 4.06 0.6933 WVFGRD96 80.0 65 70 30 4.07 0.6921 WVFGRD96 82.0 65 70 30 4.07 0.6894 WVFGRD96 84.0 65 70 30 4.08 0.6905 WVFGRD96 86.0 65 70 30 4.08 0.6900 WVFGRD96 88.0 65 70 30 4.09 0.6880 WVFGRD96 90.0 65 75 25 4.09 0.6851 WVFGRD96 92.0 65 75 25 4.09 0.6851 WVFGRD96 94.0 65 75 25 4.10 0.6814 WVFGRD96 96.0 65 75 25 4.10 0.6798 WVFGRD96 98.0 65 75 25 4.11 0.6800
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 78.0 65 70 30 4.06 0.6933
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.5 -30 o DIST/3.5 +70 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
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Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 Model after 8 iterations ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00