The ANSS event ID is ak0177wqtk6w and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak0177wqtk6w/executive.
2017/06/21 17:44:32 57.792 -154.329 56.2 4.2 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2017/06/21 17:44:32:0 57.79 -154.33 56.2 4.2 Alaska
Stations used:
AK.CNP AK.SII AT.OHAK AV.ILSW II.KDAK TA.O18K TA.O19K
TA.P19K TA.Q19K
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.5 -30 o DIST/3.5 +40
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 5.01e+22 dyne-cm
Mw = 4.40
Z = 62 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 236 71 -83
NP2 35 20 -110
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 5.01e+22 26 321
N 0.00e+00 7 54
P -5.01e+22 63 157
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 1.55e+22
Mxy -1.62e+22
Mxz 3.39e+22
Myy 1.48e+22
Myz -2.03e+22
Mzz -3.03e+22
##############
######################
###########################-
#### ######################-
###### T ########################-
####### ##################------##
########################------------##
#####################----------------###
##################--------------------##
#################----------------------###
##############-------------------------###
############--------------------------####
##########----------------------------####
#######-------------- ------------####
######--------------- P ------------####
###----------------- -----------####
#------------------------------#####
-----------------------------#####
-------------------------#####
---------------------#######
---------------#######
##############
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-3.03e+22 3.39e+22 2.03e+22
3.39e+22 1.55e+22 1.62e+22
2.03e+22 1.62e+22 1.48e+22
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20170621174432/index.html
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STK = 35
DIP = 20
RAKE = -110
MW = 4.40
HS = 62.0
The NDK file is 20170621174432.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.5 -30 o DIST/3.5 +40 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 2.0 155 50 -75 3.54 0.2209
WVFGRD96 4.0 205 70 55 3.58 0.2724
WVFGRD96 6.0 205 65 50 3.62 0.3200
WVFGRD96 8.0 200 65 50 3.70 0.3407
WVFGRD96 10.0 275 55 35 3.76 0.3577
WVFGRD96 12.0 275 55 35 3.79 0.3706
WVFGRD96 14.0 270 60 30 3.83 0.3760
WVFGRD96 16.0 270 60 30 3.86 0.3797
WVFGRD96 18.0 270 60 30 3.90 0.3830
WVFGRD96 20.0 270 60 30 3.93 0.3905
WVFGRD96 22.0 270 60 30 3.96 0.3956
WVFGRD96 24.0 90 65 25 3.98 0.4095
WVFGRD96 26.0 90 65 25 4.00 0.4337
WVFGRD96 28.0 90 60 25 4.02 0.4547
WVFGRD96 30.0 90 60 30 4.05 0.4701
WVFGRD96 32.0 95 60 35 4.06 0.4782
WVFGRD96 34.0 95 60 35 4.07 0.4821
WVFGRD96 36.0 85 70 30 4.10 0.4949
WVFGRD96 38.0 90 65 30 4.12 0.5195
WVFGRD96 40.0 90 60 30 4.20 0.5302
WVFGRD96 42.0 90 65 35 4.23 0.5529
WVFGRD96 44.0 90 65 35 4.25 0.5652
WVFGRD96 46.0 90 70 35 4.26 0.5683
WVFGRD96 48.0 90 70 35 4.27 0.5680
WVFGRD96 50.0 250 80 -55 4.31 0.5798
WVFGRD96 52.0 245 75 -60 4.32 0.5920
WVFGRD96 54.0 245 75 -60 4.33 0.5986
WVFGRD96 56.0 245 75 -60 4.34 0.6019
WVFGRD96 58.0 240 75 -65 4.36 0.6070
WVFGRD96 60.0 240 75 -70 4.37 0.6097
WVFGRD96 62.0 35 20 -110 4.40 0.6102
WVFGRD96 64.0 230 70 -90 4.41 0.6088
WVFGRD96 66.0 50 20 -90 4.42 0.6024
WVFGRD96 68.0 230 75 -75 4.41 0.6050
WVFGRD96 70.0 235 80 -70 4.41 0.6036
WVFGRD96 72.0 235 80 -75 4.42 0.5991
WVFGRD96 74.0 230 80 -75 4.43 0.5970
WVFGRD96 76.0 230 80 -80 4.44 0.5917
WVFGRD96 78.0 230 80 -80 4.45 0.5846
WVFGRD96 80.0 90 10 -45 4.46 0.5873
WVFGRD96 82.0 95 10 -40 4.46 0.5881
WVFGRD96 84.0 80 5 -60 4.47 0.5897
WVFGRD96 86.0 90 5 -50 4.47 0.5908
WVFGRD96 88.0 100 5 -40 4.47 0.5898
WVFGRD96 90.0 110 5 -30 4.48 0.5872
WVFGRD96 92.0 55 90 90 4.47 0.5792
WVFGRD96 94.0 125 5 -15 4.48 0.5799
WVFGRD96 96.0 40 0 -105 4.48 0.5701
WVFGRD96 98.0 145 5 5 4.48 0.5701
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 62.0 35 20 -110 4.40 0.6102
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.5 -30 o DIST/3.5 +40 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00