The ANSS event ID is ak016248x6qx and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak016248x6qx/executive.
2016/02/15 10:41:46 60.896 -150.012 47.9 4.2 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2016/02/15 10:41:46:0 60.90 -150.01 47.9 4.2 Alaska Stations used: AK.BRLK AK.CAPN AK.CAST AK.CUT AK.FID AK.FIRE AK.GLI AK.HOM AK.KNK AK.KTH AK.PWL AK.RC01 AK.SAW AK.SCM AT.PMR AV.ILSW TA.J20K TA.M22K TA.M27K TA.N19K TA.N25K TA.O19K TA.O22K Filtering commands used: cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +60 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 2.69e+22 dyne-cm Mw = 4.22 Z = 46 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 235 85 -30 NP2 328 60 -174 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 2.69e+22 17 285 N 0.00e+00 60 46 P -2.69e+22 24 187 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx -2.03e+22 Mxy -9.04e+21 Mxz 1.20e+22 Myy 2.26e+22 Myz -5.94e+21 Mzz -2.34e+21 -------------- ---------------------- ########-------------------- ############------------------ #################----------------- ####################------------#### ######################-------######### ## ####################--############# ## T ####################-############## ### #################-----############## ####################---------############# #################-------------############ ###############----------------########### ############------------------########## #########----------------------######### ######------------------------######## ###---------------------------###### -----------------------------##### ----------- -------------### ---------- P ------------### ------- ------------ -------------- Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -2.34e+21 1.20e+22 5.94e+21 1.20e+22 -2.03e+22 9.04e+21 5.94e+21 9.04e+21 2.26e+22 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20160215104146/index.html |
STK = 235 DIP = 85 RAKE = -30 MW = 4.22 HS = 46.0
The NDK file is 20160215104146.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +60 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT WVFGRD96 2.0 225 45 -70 3.62 0.2557 WVFGRD96 4.0 60 75 25 3.61 0.3010 WVFGRD96 6.0 55 90 30 3.67 0.3402 WVFGRD96 8.0 60 80 35 3.74 0.3754 WVFGRD96 10.0 60 80 30 3.77 0.4031 WVFGRD96 12.0 60 75 25 3.81 0.4263 WVFGRD96 14.0 60 75 25 3.84 0.4460 WVFGRD96 16.0 60 80 25 3.86 0.4610 WVFGRD96 18.0 60 80 25 3.88 0.4758 WVFGRD96 20.0 60 80 25 3.90 0.4900 WVFGRD96 22.0 60 80 25 3.93 0.5037 WVFGRD96 24.0 60 80 25 3.95 0.5176 WVFGRD96 26.0 60 80 25 3.97 0.5328 WVFGRD96 28.0 55 85 20 3.99 0.5485 WVFGRD96 30.0 60 85 25 4.01 0.5644 WVFGRD96 32.0 60 85 25 4.03 0.5791 WVFGRD96 34.0 235 90 -25 4.05 0.5884 WVFGRD96 36.0 60 85 25 4.08 0.6016 WVFGRD96 38.0 60 85 25 4.10 0.6116 WVFGRD96 40.0 240 90 -35 4.17 0.6220 WVFGRD96 42.0 60 90 35 4.19 0.6264 WVFGRD96 44.0 60 90 35 4.21 0.6275 WVFGRD96 46.0 235 85 -30 4.22 0.6283 WVFGRD96 48.0 60 90 30 4.23 0.6257 WVFGRD96 50.0 235 85 -30 4.24 0.6226 WVFGRD96 52.0 60 90 30 4.26 0.6170 WVFGRD96 54.0 235 85 -30 4.26 0.6098 WVFGRD96 56.0 235 80 -30 4.27 0.6034 WVFGRD96 58.0 235 80 -30 4.27 0.5951 WVFGRD96 60.0 60 90 30 4.28 0.5831 WVFGRD96 62.0 235 80 -30 4.29 0.5772 WVFGRD96 64.0 235 80 -30 4.29 0.5674 WVFGRD96 66.0 235 80 -30 4.29 0.5566 WVFGRD96 68.0 235 80 -30 4.30 0.5464 WVFGRD96 70.0 235 75 -30 4.30 0.5357 WVFGRD96 72.0 235 75 -30 4.30 0.5257 WVFGRD96 74.0 235 75 -30 4.30 0.5154 WVFGRD96 76.0 55 35 -40 4.39 0.5111 WVFGRD96 78.0 55 35 -40 4.40 0.5143 WVFGRD96 80.0 60 35 -35 4.41 0.5163 WVFGRD96 82.0 60 35 -35 4.41 0.5181 WVFGRD96 84.0 60 35 -35 4.42 0.5181 WVFGRD96 86.0 60 35 -35 4.42 0.5169 WVFGRD96 88.0 60 35 -35 4.43 0.5132 WVFGRD96 90.0 65 40 -30 4.43 0.5107 WVFGRD96 92.0 65 40 -30 4.44 0.5065 WVFGRD96 94.0 65 40 -30 4.44 0.5017 WVFGRD96 96.0 65 40 -30 4.44 0.4948 WVFGRD96 98.0 65 40 -30 4.45 0.4880
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 46.0 235 85 -30 4.22 0.6283
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +60 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3
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Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 Model after 8 iterations ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00