The ANSS event ID is ak0152xyw58h and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak0152xyw58h/executive.
2015/03/05 07:55:52 62.635 -149.461 65.8 4.5 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2015/03/05 07:55:52:0 62.63 -149.46 65.8 4.5 Alaska
Stations used:
AK.BPAW AK.BRLK AK.CCB AK.CNP AK.DOT AK.EYAK AK.FID AK.FYU
AK.GHO AK.GLI AK.HDA AK.HIN AK.KLU AK.KNK AK.KTH AK.MDM
AK.PAX AK.PIN AK.PPLA AK.RND AK.SAW AK.SCM AK.SKN AK.SSN
AK.SWD AK.TGL AK.TRF AK.WRH AT.PMR II.KDAK IU.COLA TA.I23K
TA.M24K TA.O22K TA.POKR
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +70
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.07 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 3.55e+22 dyne-cm
Mw = 4.30
Z = 66 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 85 80 80
NP2 310 14 135
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 3.55e+22 54 343
N 0.00e+00 10 87
P -3.55e+22 34 184
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -1.29e+22
Mxy -4.94e+21
Mxz 3.26e+22
Myy 9.63e+20
Myz -3.93e+21
Mzz 1.20e+22
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############### T #################---
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Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
1.20e+22 3.26e+22 3.93e+21
3.26e+22 -1.29e+22 4.94e+21
3.93e+21 4.94e+21 9.63e+20
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20150305075552/index.html
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STK = 85
DIP = 80
RAKE = 80
MW = 4.30
HS = 66.0
The NDK file is 20150305075552.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +70 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 2.0 80 45 -90 3.52 0.2106
WVFGRD96 4.0 80 40 -90 3.61 0.1595
WVFGRD96 6.0 265 90 65 3.58 0.1892
WVFGRD96 8.0 345 20 0 3.65 0.2137
WVFGRD96 10.0 355 25 10 3.66 0.2412
WVFGRD96 12.0 5 25 25 3.68 0.2630
WVFGRD96 14.0 5 25 25 3.70 0.2802
WVFGRD96 16.0 5 25 25 3.72 0.2937
WVFGRD96 18.0 5 25 25 3.74 0.3045
WVFGRD96 20.0 265 75 60 3.79 0.3164
WVFGRD96 22.0 265 75 60 3.82 0.3269
WVFGRD96 24.0 265 75 60 3.84 0.3354
WVFGRD96 26.0 265 75 60 3.86 0.3411
WVFGRD96 28.0 255 85 75 3.86 0.3449
WVFGRD96 30.0 255 85 70 3.88 0.3470
WVFGRD96 32.0 260 85 -60 3.91 0.3540
WVFGRD96 34.0 260 85 -65 3.93 0.3745
WVFGRD96 36.0 80 90 70 3.94 0.3941
WVFGRD96 38.0 75 90 70 3.95 0.4180
WVFGRD96 40.0 75 85 80 4.11 0.4343
WVFGRD96 42.0 255 90 -75 4.13 0.4757
WVFGRD96 44.0 75 85 80 4.15 0.5147
WVFGRD96 46.0 75 85 80 4.17 0.5481
WVFGRD96 48.0 75 85 75 4.19 0.5769
WVFGRD96 50.0 80 80 80 4.20 0.6037
WVFGRD96 52.0 80 80 80 4.22 0.6276
WVFGRD96 54.0 80 80 80 4.23 0.6498
WVFGRD96 56.0 80 80 80 4.25 0.6704
WVFGRD96 58.0 80 80 80 4.26 0.6871
WVFGRD96 60.0 80 80 80 4.27 0.6993
WVFGRD96 62.0 80 80 80 4.28 0.7088
WVFGRD96 64.0 80 80 80 4.29 0.7134
WVFGRD96 66.0 85 80 80 4.30 0.7165
WVFGRD96 68.0 85 80 80 4.31 0.7161
WVFGRD96 70.0 85 80 80 4.32 0.7144
WVFGRD96 72.0 85 80 80 4.33 0.7102
WVFGRD96 74.0 85 80 80 4.33 0.7032
WVFGRD96 76.0 85 80 80 4.34 0.6964
WVFGRD96 78.0 85 80 80 4.35 0.6881
WVFGRD96 80.0 80 85 80 4.35 0.6787
WVFGRD96 82.0 80 85 80 4.36 0.6707
WVFGRD96 84.0 80 85 80 4.37 0.6618
WVFGRD96 86.0 85 85 85 4.37 0.6532
WVFGRD96 88.0 225 5 50 4.38 0.6400
WVFGRD96 90.0 225 5 50 4.39 0.6303
WVFGRD96 92.0 215 5 40 4.39 0.6177
WVFGRD96 94.0 215 5 40 4.40 0.6057
WVFGRD96 96.0 215 5 40 4.40 0.5926
WVFGRD96 98.0 215 5 40 4.41 0.5785
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 66.0 85 80 80 4.30 0.7165
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +70 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00