The ANSS event ID is ak014fe13fw1 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak014fe13fw1/executive.
2014/12/01 00:10:15 60.964 -146.763 14.8 3.8 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2014/12/01 00:10:15:0 60.96 -146.76 14.8 3.8 Alaska
Stations used:
AK.BARN AK.BRLK AK.BWN AK.CNP AK.CRQ AK.CTG AK.DHY AK.EYAK
AK.FID AK.GHO AK.GLB AK.HDA AK.HIN AK.HMT AK.ISLE AK.KLU
AK.KNK AK.KTH AK.MDM AK.PAX AK.PPLA AK.RAG AK.RND AK.SAW
AK.SCM AK.TGL AK.YAH AT.MENT AT.PMR AT.TTA CN.DAWY IU.COLA
TA.M24K TA.N25K TA.O22K
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +70
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.07 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 4.95e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.73
Z = 24 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 190 75 -45
NP2 295 47 -159
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 4.95e+21 17 248
N 0.00e+00 43 355
P -4.95e+21 42 142
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -1.10e+21
Mxy 2.88e+21
Mxz 1.42e+21
Myy 2.86e+21
Myz -2.83e+21
Mzz -1.75e+21
----------####
-------------#########
---------------#############
---------------###############
------########--##################
--###############-----##############
#################---------############
#################-------------##########
#################---------------########
##################-----------------#######
#################-------------------######
#################---------------------####
#################---------------------####
## ##########-----------------------##
## T ##########------------------------#
# ##########----------- ----------
#############----------- P ---------
############----------- --------
##########--------------------
#########-------------------
#######---------------
###-----------
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-1.75e+21 1.42e+21 2.83e+21
1.42e+21 -1.10e+21 -2.88e+21
2.83e+21 -2.88e+21 2.86e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20141201001015/index.html
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STK = 190
DIP = 75
RAKE = -45
MW = 3.73
HS = 24.0
The NDK file is 20141201001015.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +70 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 30 45 95 3.26 0.2735
WVFGRD96 2.0 205 45 85 3.39 0.3573
WVFGRD96 3.0 190 85 0 3.38 0.3367
WVFGRD96 4.0 10 90 25 3.43 0.3284
WVFGRD96 5.0 190 85 -35 3.46 0.3364
WVFGRD96 6.0 190 85 -35 3.48 0.3519
WVFGRD96 7.0 190 85 -35 3.50 0.3705
WVFGRD96 8.0 190 85 -45 3.55 0.3861
WVFGRD96 9.0 195 90 -45 3.55 0.4048
WVFGRD96 10.0 190 85 -45 3.57 0.4277
WVFGRD96 11.0 190 80 -45 3.58 0.4509
WVFGRD96 12.0 190 80 -40 3.60 0.4733
WVFGRD96 13.0 190 75 -40 3.62 0.4947
WVFGRD96 14.0 190 75 -40 3.63 0.5138
WVFGRD96 15.0 190 75 -40 3.64 0.5301
WVFGRD96 16.0 190 75 -40 3.65 0.5438
WVFGRD96 17.0 190 75 -40 3.66 0.5548
WVFGRD96 18.0 190 75 -40 3.68 0.5635
WVFGRD96 19.0 190 75 -40 3.68 0.5704
WVFGRD96 20.0 190 75 -40 3.69 0.5753
WVFGRD96 21.0 190 75 -40 3.71 0.5783
WVFGRD96 22.0 190 75 -40 3.72 0.5801
WVFGRD96 23.0 190 75 -45 3.72 0.5811
WVFGRD96 24.0 190 75 -45 3.73 0.5811
WVFGRD96 25.0 190 75 -45 3.74 0.5800
WVFGRD96 26.0 190 75 -45 3.74 0.5784
WVFGRD96 27.0 190 75 -45 3.75 0.5757
WVFGRD96 28.0 190 75 -45 3.76 0.5725
WVFGRD96 29.0 190 75 -45 3.77 0.5686
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 24.0 190 75 -45 3.73 0.5811
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +70 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00