Left: mLg computed using the IASPEI formula. Center: mLg residuals versus epicentral distance ; the values used for the trimmed mean magnitude estimate are indicated. Right: residuals as a function of distance and azimuth.
The ANSS event ID is usb000shc5 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usb000shc5/executive.
2014/09/30 14:55:04 37.221 -97.963 3.2 3.8 Kansas
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2014/09/30 14:55:04:0 37.22 -97.96 3.2 3.8 Kansas
Stations used:
GS.KAN10 GS.KAN13 GS.OK025 GS.OK026 GS.OK027 GS.OK028
GS.OK029 N4.N33B N4.P38B N4.R32B N4.U38B NM.UALR OK.BCOK
OK.CROK OK.U32A OK.X37A TA.ABTX TA.BGNE TA.KSCO TA.T25A
TA.TUL1 TA.W39A TA.X40A US.CBKS US.MIAR US.WMOK
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.06 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 3.51e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.63
Z = 3 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 255 45 -90
NP2 75 45 -90
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 3.51e+21 -0 345
N 0.00e+00 -0 255
P -3.51e+21 90 110
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 3.27e+21
Mxy -8.77e+20
Mxz -1.20e+14
Myy 2.35e+20
Myz 1.44e+14
Mzz -3.51e+21
T ###########
#### ###############
############################
##############################
##################################
#############------------------#####
##########--------------------------##
########-------------------------------#
######----------------------------------
#####-----------------------------------##
####------------------ --------------###
###------------------- P -------------####
##-------------------- ------------#####
----------------------------------######
#-------------------------------########
##--------------------------##########
#####------------------#############
##################################
##############################
############################
######################
##############
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-3.51e+21 -1.20e+14 -1.44e+14
-1.20e+14 3.27e+21 8.77e+20
-1.44e+14 8.77e+20 2.35e+20
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20140930145504/index.html
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STK = 75
DIP = 45
RAKE = -90
MW = 3.63
HS = 3.0
The NDK file is 20140930145504.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: mLg computed using the IASPEI formula. Center: mLg residuals versus epicentral distance ; the values used for the trimmed mean magnitude estimate are indicated.
Right: residuals as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.06 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 270 50 -65 3.46 0.4357
WVFGRD96 2.0 265 50 -75 3.55 0.5275
WVFGRD96 3.0 75 45 -90 3.63 0.5584
WVFGRD96 4.0 85 50 -70 3.67 0.5044
WVFGRD96 5.0 290 50 -25 3.64 0.4219
WVFGRD96 6.0 295 55 -10 3.63 0.4073
WVFGRD96 7.0 300 55 -5 3.63 0.4027
WVFGRD96 8.0 300 50 0 3.67 0.4041
WVFGRD96 9.0 300 50 5 3.68 0.4037
WVFGRD96 10.0 135 55 25 3.68 0.4224
WVFGRD96 11.0 135 55 25 3.70 0.4441
WVFGRD96 12.0 135 55 30 3.71 0.4640
WVFGRD96 13.0 135 55 30 3.72 0.4797
WVFGRD96 14.0 135 55 30 3.73 0.4928
WVFGRD96 15.0 135 55 30 3.74 0.5034
WVFGRD96 16.0 135 55 30 3.75 0.5115
WVFGRD96 17.0 135 55 30 3.76 0.5170
WVFGRD96 18.0 135 55 30 3.76 0.5203
WVFGRD96 19.0 325 45 30 3.77 0.5215
WVFGRD96 20.0 325 45 30 3.78 0.5261
WVFGRD96 21.0 320 45 25 3.80 0.5274
WVFGRD96 22.0 325 45 25 3.80 0.5296
WVFGRD96 23.0 320 45 25 3.81 0.5306
WVFGRD96 24.0 320 45 20 3.82 0.5303
WVFGRD96 25.0 320 45 20 3.83 0.5298
WVFGRD96 26.0 320 45 20 3.84 0.5280
WVFGRD96 27.0 320 40 15 3.83 0.5256
WVFGRD96 28.0 320 45 15 3.85 0.5228
WVFGRD96 29.0 320 40 15 3.85 0.5193
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 3.0 75 45 -90 3.63 0.5584
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.06 n 3
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00