The ANSS event ID is mb30664 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/mb30664/executive.
2014/07/28 12:51:28 45.340 -112.608 9.8 3.9 Montana
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2014/07/28 12:51:28:0 45.34 -112.61 9.8 3.9 Montana
Stations used:
GS.ID02 GS.ID03 IM.PD31 IW.FXWY IW.IMW IW.MFID IW.REDW
IW.SNOW IW.TPAW MB.JTMT TA.H17A US.BMO US.BOZ US.BW06
US.DUG US.EGMT US.ELK US.HAWA US.HLID US.HWUT US.LAO
US.LKWY US.MSO US.NEW US.RLMT US.WVOR UU.BGU UU.CTU UU.HVU
UU.MPU UU.RDMU UU.SPU UW.BRAN UW.CCRK UW.DAVN UW.DDRF
UW.IRON UW.IZEE UW.PHIN UW.TUCA UW.UMAT UW.WOLL WY.YHB
WY.YHH WY.YHL WY.YMP WY.YMR WY.YNM WY.YUF
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +60
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.06 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 5.69e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.77
Z = 10 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 175 85 15
NP2 84 75 175
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 5.69e+21 14 40
N 0.00e+00 74 193
P -5.69e+21 7 308
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 9.49e+20
Mxy 5.37e+21
Mxz 6.03e+20
Myy -1.20e+21
Myz 1.40e+21
Mzz 2.56e+20
-----#########
---------#############
------------############ #
------------############ T ##
P ------------############ ####
- ------------####################
-----------------#####################
------------------######################
------------------######################
-------------------#######################
--------------------###################---
--------------------###############-------
##------------------########--------------
###################---------------------
###################---------------------
###################-------------------
##################------------------
#################-----------------
###############---------------
###############-------------
############----------
########------
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
2.56e+20 6.03e+20 -1.40e+21
6.03e+20 9.49e+20 -5.37e+21
-1.40e+21 -5.37e+21 -1.20e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20140728125128/index.html
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STK = 175
DIP = 85
RAKE = 15
MW = 3.77
HS = 10.0
The NDK file is 20140728125128.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +60 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.06 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 355 80 -10 3.41 0.3532
WVFGRD96 2.0 350 70 -25 3.55 0.4592
WVFGRD96 3.0 355 80 -10 3.58 0.5177
WVFGRD96 4.0 355 90 -10 3.61 0.5629
WVFGRD96 5.0 355 90 -10 3.65 0.5962
WVFGRD96 6.0 355 90 -10 3.68 0.6218
WVFGRD96 7.0 355 90 -10 3.70 0.6433
WVFGRD96 8.0 355 90 -15 3.73 0.6654
WVFGRD96 9.0 355 90 -15 3.75 0.6747
WVFGRD96 10.0 175 85 15 3.77 0.6789
WVFGRD96 11.0 175 85 15 3.78 0.6786
WVFGRD96 12.0 175 85 15 3.79 0.6754
WVFGRD96 13.0 175 85 15 3.80 0.6718
WVFGRD96 14.0 175 85 15 3.80 0.6662
WVFGRD96 15.0 175 85 10 3.82 0.6595
WVFGRD96 16.0 175 85 10 3.82 0.6530
WVFGRD96 17.0 175 85 10 3.83 0.6466
WVFGRD96 18.0 175 85 10 3.84 0.6401
WVFGRD96 19.0 175 85 10 3.84 0.6338
WVFGRD96 20.0 175 85 10 3.85 0.6268
WVFGRD96 21.0 175 85 10 3.86 0.6192
WVFGRD96 22.0 175 85 10 3.86 0.6105
WVFGRD96 23.0 175 80 5 3.87 0.6014
WVFGRD96 24.0 175 80 5 3.88 0.5924
WVFGRD96 25.0 175 80 5 3.88 0.5835
WVFGRD96 26.0 175 80 5 3.89 0.5743
WVFGRD96 27.0 175 80 5 3.89 0.5650
WVFGRD96 28.0 175 70 0 3.91 0.5557
WVFGRD96 29.0 175 70 0 3.91 0.5469
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 10.0 175 85 15 3.77 0.6789
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +60 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.06 n 3
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00