The ANSS event ID is ak013ft6lwl0 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak013ft6lwl0/executive.
2013/12/10 16:35:38 63.150 -151.510 12.5 3.7 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2013/12/10 16:35:38:0 63.15 -151.51 12.5 3.7 Alaska
Stations used:
AK.BWN AK.CCB AK.CHUM AK.CRQ AK.DHY AK.DOT AK.EYAK AK.FID
AK.GHO AK.HIN AK.KIAG AK.KNK AK.KTH AK.MCK AK.PAX AK.PPD
AK.PPLA AK.PTPK AK.PWL AK.RC01 AK.RIDG AK.RND AK.SAW AK.SCM
AK.SCRK AK.SKN AK.SSN AK.SWD AK.TGL AK.TRF AK.WAT1 AK.WAT2
AK.WAT3 AK.WAT4 AK.WAT5 AK.WAT6 AK.WAT7 AK.WRH AT.MENT
AT.PMR AT.SVW2 AT.TTA IU.COLA TA.HDA TA.POKR TA.TCOL
US.EGAK YE.PIC1 YE.PIC2 YE.PIC3 YE.PIC4
Filtering commands used:
cut a -30 a 180
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 3.76e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.65
Z = 14 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 180 65 65
NP2 48 35 132
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 3.76e+21 62 51
N 0.00e+00 23 191
P -3.76e+21 16 288
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -2.52e+14
Mxy 1.44e+21
Mxz 6.71e+20
Myy -2.61e+21
Myz 2.19e+21
Mzz 2.61e+21
------########
---------#############
-----------#################
-----------###################
------------#####################-
-------------######################-
- ---------#######################--
-- P ---------########## ##########---
-- ---------########## T ##########---
---------------########## ##########----
---------------######################-----
---------------#####################------
---------------#####################------
--------------####################------
--------------##################--------
-------------#################--------
-------------##############---------
------------############----------
-----------########-----------
###--------#----------------
#########-------------
######--------
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
2.61e+21 6.71e+20 -2.19e+21
6.71e+20 -2.52e+14 -1.44e+21
-2.19e+21 -1.44e+21 -2.61e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20131210163538/index.html
|
STK = 180
DIP = 65
RAKE = 65
MW = 3.65
HS = 14.0
The NDK file is 20131210163538.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
 |
The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
|
|
|
The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut a -30 a 180 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 175 40 90 3.21 0.2172
WVFGRD96 2.0 180 40 95 3.36 0.2814
WVFGRD96 3.0 160 80 -50 3.37 0.2216
WVFGRD96 4.0 340 90 -60 3.39 0.2563
WVFGRD96 5.0 340 90 -65 3.41 0.3100
WVFGRD96 6.0 170 80 65 3.43 0.3583
WVFGRD96 7.0 170 80 65 3.45 0.3951
WVFGRD96 8.0 175 80 70 3.53 0.4200
WVFGRD96 9.0 175 75 70 3.55 0.4497
WVFGRD96 10.0 180 70 70 3.58 0.4750
WVFGRD96 11.0 180 70 70 3.59 0.4934
WVFGRD96 12.0 180 65 70 3.62 0.5068
WVFGRD96 13.0 180 65 70 3.63 0.5153
WVFGRD96 14.0 180 65 65 3.65 0.5183
WVFGRD96 15.0 180 65 65 3.66 0.5169
WVFGRD96 16.0 180 65 65 3.67 0.5110
WVFGRD96 17.0 180 65 65 3.68 0.5014
WVFGRD96 18.0 180 65 65 3.69 0.4889
WVFGRD96 19.0 175 70 65 3.69 0.4740
WVFGRD96 20.0 180 70 65 3.70 0.4594
WVFGRD96 21.0 180 70 65 3.72 0.4440
WVFGRD96 22.0 180 70 65 3.72 0.4281
WVFGRD96 23.0 180 70 65 3.73 0.4125
WVFGRD96 24.0 175 75 65 3.73 0.3966
WVFGRD96 25.0 180 70 65 3.74 0.3818
WVFGRD96 26.0 175 70 60 3.74 0.3678
WVFGRD96 27.0 175 70 60 3.75 0.3542
WVFGRD96 28.0 175 70 60 3.75 0.3412
WVFGRD96 29.0 175 70 60 3.75 0.3283
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 14.0 180 65 65 3.65 0.5183
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
|
|
|
The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
|
|
|
The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut a -30 a 180 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
|
| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
|
| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00