The ANSS event ID is ak011f7g7app and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak011f7g7app/executive.
2011/11/27 02:21:24 60.013 -140.208 11.4 3.7 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2011/11/27 02:21:24:0 60.01 -140.21 11.4 3.7 Alaska Stations used: AK.EYAK AK.PNL AK.SGA AK.WAX CN.BVCY CN.DAWY CN.HYT CN.PLBC CN.WHY CN.YUK1 CN.YUK2 CN.YUK3 CN.YUK7 US.EGAK Filtering commands used: hp c 0.025 n 4 lp c 0.05 n 4 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 4.62e+21 dyne-cm Mw = 3.71 Z = 7 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 249 58 138 NP2 5 55 40 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 4.62e+21 51 215 N 0.00e+00 39 39 P -4.62e+21 2 308 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx -5.25e+20 Mxy 3.10e+21 Mxz -1.94e+21 Myy -2.27e+21 Myz -1.19e+21 Mzz 2.79e+21 ----------#### ----------------###### --------------------######## ----------------------######## P ----------------------########## -----------------------########## -------------------########---------## ---------------##############----------- -----------##################----------- ---------#####################------------ -------#######################------------ -----#########################------------ ----##########################------------ --##########################------------ -############ ############------------ ############ T ###########------------ ########### ###########----------- #######################----------- ####################---------- ##################---------- #############--------- #######------- Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P 2.79e+21 -1.94e+21 1.19e+21 -1.94e+21 -5.25e+20 -3.10e+21 1.19e+21 -3.10e+21 -2.27e+21 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20111127022124/index.html |
STK = 5 DIP = 55 RAKE = 40 MW = 3.71 HS = 7.0
The NDK file is 20111127022124.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.025 n 4 lp c 0.05 n 4 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT WVFGRD96 0.5 0 75 30 3.58 0.6056 WVFGRD96 1.0 0 70 25 3.58 0.6127 WVFGRD96 2.0 0 75 30 3.61 0.6229 WVFGRD96 3.0 0 85 65 3.80 0.6432 WVFGRD96 4.0 0 80 55 3.73 0.6562 WVFGRD96 5.0 5 65 45 3.69 0.6624 WVFGRD96 6.0 5 60 40 3.70 0.6754 WVFGRD96 7.0 5 55 40 3.71 0.6868 WVFGRD96 8.0 5 55 40 3.73 0.6819 WVFGRD96 9.0 5 55 40 3.73 0.6855 WVFGRD96 10.0 5 55 40 3.74 0.6816 WVFGRD96 11.0 0 60 35 3.72 0.6743 WVFGRD96 12.0 0 60 30 3.72 0.6664 WVFGRD96 13.0 -5 65 25 3.70 0.6592 WVFGRD96 14.0 -5 70 20 3.70 0.6531 WVFGRD96 15.0 355 70 20 3.71 0.6476 WVFGRD96 16.0 355 70 20 3.71 0.6411 WVFGRD96 17.0 355 70 15 3.72 0.6352 WVFGRD96 18.0 355 70 10 3.73 0.6292 WVFGRD96 19.0 355 70 10 3.73 0.6242 WVFGRD96 20.0 355 70 10 3.74 0.6181 WVFGRD96 21.0 355 70 10 3.74 0.6121 WVFGRD96 22.0 355 65 5 3.76 0.6052 WVFGRD96 23.0 350 65 0 3.75 0.5995 WVFGRD96 24.0 350 65 0 3.76 0.5950 WVFGRD96 25.0 350 65 0 3.77 0.5900 WVFGRD96 26.0 350 65 0 3.77 0.5848 WVFGRD96 27.0 350 65 0 3.78 0.5788 WVFGRD96 28.0 350 65 0 3.79 0.5725 WVFGRD96 29.0 350 65 0 3.79 0.5658
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 7.0 5 55 40 3.71 0.6868
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.025 n 4 lp c 0.05 n 4 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
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Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 Model after 8 iterations ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00