Left: mLg computed using the IASPEI formula. Center: mLg residuals versus epicentral distance ; the values used for the trimmed mean magnitude estimate are indicated. Right: residuals as a function of distance and azimuth.
The ANSS event ID is usp000jaex and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000jaex/executive.
2011/11/06 10:52:36 35.537 -96.779 3.1 3.6 Oklahoma
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2011/11/06 10:52:36:0 35.54 -96.78 3.1 3.6 Oklahoma
Stations used:
TA.S34A TA.S35A TA.S37A TA.T36A TA.T37A TA.TUL1 TA.U35A
TA.V35A TA.V36A TA.V37A TA.V39A TA.W35A TA.W36A TA.W37B
TA.W38A TA.X35A TA.X36A TA.X37A TA.X39A TA.Y36A TA.Y39A
US.MIAR
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.06 n 3
br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 2.66e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.55
Z = 3 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 232 80 -170
NP2 140 80 -10
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 2.66e+21 0 6
N 0.00e+00 76 275
P -2.66e+21 14 96
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 2.61e+21
Mxy 5.26e+20
Mxz 6.95e+19
Myy -2.45e+21
Myz -6.25e+20
Mzz -1.58e+20
######## T ###
############ #######
-###########################
---###########################
-----##########################---
-------######################-------
----------################------------
------------#############---------------
-------------#########------------------
----------------####----------------------
-----------------#------------------------
----------------##------------------- --
--------------######----------------- P --
-----------##########--------------- -
---------#############------------------
------#################---------------
----####################------------
-########################---------
#########################-----
###########################-
######################
##############
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-1.58e+20 6.95e+19 6.25e+20
6.95e+19 2.61e+21 -5.26e+20
6.25e+20 -5.26e+20 -2.45e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20111106105236/index.html
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STK = 140
DIP = 80
RAKE = -10
MW = 3.55
HS = 3.0
The NDK file is 20111106105236.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: mLg computed using the IASPEI formula. Center: mLg residuals versus epicentral distance ; the values used for the trimmed mean magnitude estimate are indicated.
Right: residuals as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.06 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 0.5 320 80 -10 3.40 0.5286
WVFGRD96 1.0 140 90 0 3.42 0.5621
WVFGRD96 2.0 320 80 -15 3.52 0.6610
WVFGRD96 3.0 140 80 -10 3.55 0.6765
WVFGRD96 4.0 140 75 -10 3.58 0.6758
WVFGRD96 5.0 140 65 -5 3.61 0.6683
WVFGRD96 6.0 140 55 0 3.65 0.6658
WVFGRD96 7.0 145 50 10 3.67 0.6670
WVFGRD96 8.0 145 45 10 3.71 0.6680
WVFGRD96 9.0 145 45 10 3.72 0.6673
WVFGRD96 10.0 145 45 10 3.73 0.6657
WVFGRD96 11.0 145 45 10 3.73 0.6627
WVFGRD96 12.0 145 50 10 3.73 0.6591
WVFGRD96 13.0 145 50 10 3.73 0.6549
WVFGRD96 14.0 145 50 10 3.74 0.6498
WVFGRD96 15.0 145 50 10 3.75 0.6436
WVFGRD96 16.0 145 50 10 3.75 0.6370
WVFGRD96 17.0 145 50 10 3.76 0.6295
WVFGRD96 18.0 150 50 20 3.77 0.6222
WVFGRD96 19.0 140 60 -15 3.75 0.6161
WVFGRD96 20.0 140 60 -15 3.76 0.6128
WVFGRD96 21.0 140 55 -15 3.77 0.6068
WVFGRD96 22.0 140 60 -15 3.78 0.6008
WVFGRD96 23.0 140 60 -15 3.78 0.5946
WVFGRD96 24.0 140 60 -15 3.79 0.5872
WVFGRD96 25.0 140 60 -15 3.79 0.5807
WVFGRD96 26.0 140 60 -10 3.80 0.5742
WVFGRD96 27.0 140 60 -10 3.81 0.5692
WVFGRD96 28.0 140 60 -10 3.81 0.5644
WVFGRD96 29.0 140 60 -10 3.82 0.5592
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 3.0 140 80 -10 3.55 0.6765
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.06 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00