The ANSS event ID is usp000j8jr and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000j8jr/executive.
2011/09/26 01:02:53 63.434 -126.278 1.0 5.3 NWT, Canada
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2011/09/26 01:02:53:0 63.43 -126.28 1.0 5.3 NWT, Canada Stations used: AK.BESE AK.BMR AK.DCPH AK.DOT AK.FYU AK.TGL AT.CRAG AT.YKU2 CN.BVCY CN.CLVN CN.DAWY CN.DHRN CN.DLBC CN.FNBB CN.HPLN CN.INK CN.KUKN CN.PLBC CN.SMPN CN.WHFN CN.WHY CN.YKW3 CN.YUK1 CN.YUK2 CN.YUK3 US.EGAK US.WRAK Filtering commands used: hp c 0.01 n 3 lp c 0.03 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 4.57e+23 dyne-cm Mw = 5.04 Z = 3 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 320 60 90 NP2 140 30 90 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 4.57e+23 75 230 N 0.00e+00 -0 140 P -4.57e+23 15 50 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx -1.64e+23 Mxy -1.95e+23 Mxz -1.47e+23 Myy -2.32e+23 Myz -1.75e+23 Mzz 3.96e+23 -------------- ---------------------- -##------------------------- ##########----------------- --#############-------------- P -- --################------------ --- ---###################---------------- ---#####################---------------- ---#######################-------------- -----#######################-------------- -----#########################------------ -----########### ############----------- ------########## T #############---------- ------######### ##############-------- -------#########################-------- -------#########################------ -------########################----- --------######################---- ---------####################- -----------################- ---------------------- -------------- Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P 3.96e+23 -1.47e+23 1.75e+23 -1.47e+23 -1.64e+23 1.95e+23 1.75e+23 1.95e+23 -2.32e+23 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20110926010253/index.html |
STK = 140 DIP = 30 RAKE = 90 MW = 5.04 HS = 3.0
The NDK file is 20110926010253.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
The following compares this source inversion to those provided by others. The purpose is to look for major differences and also to note slight differences that might be inherent to the processing procedure. For completeness the USGS/SLU solution is repeated from above.
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2011/09/26 01:02:53:0 63.43 -126.28 1.0 5.3 NWT, Canada Stations used: AK.BESE AK.BMR AK.DCPH AK.DOT AK.FYU AK.TGL AT.CRAG AT.YKU2 CN.BVCY CN.CLVN CN.DAWY CN.DHRN CN.DLBC CN.FNBB CN.HPLN CN.INK CN.KUKN CN.PLBC CN.SMPN CN.WHFN CN.WHY CN.YKW3 CN.YUK1 CN.YUK2 CN.YUK3 US.EGAK US.WRAK Filtering commands used: hp c 0.01 n 3 lp c 0.03 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 4.57e+23 dyne-cm Mw = 5.04 Z = 3 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 320 60 90 NP2 140 30 90 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 4.57e+23 75 230 N 0.00e+00 -0 140 P -4.57e+23 15 50 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx -1.64e+23 Mxy -1.95e+23 Mxz -1.47e+23 Myy -2.32e+23 Myz -1.75e+23 Mzz 3.96e+23 -------------- ---------------------- -##------------------------- ##########----------------- --#############-------------- P -- --################------------ --- ---###################---------------- ---#####################---------------- ---#######################-------------- -----#######################-------------- -----#########################------------ -----########### ############----------- ------########## T #############---------- ------######### ##############-------- -------#########################-------- -------#########################------ -------########################----- --------######################---- ---------####################- -----------################- ---------------------- -------------- Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P 3.96e+23 -1.47e+23 1.75e+23 -1.47e+23 -1.64e+23 1.95e+23 1.75e+23 1.95e+23 -2.32e+23 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20110926010253/index.html |
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Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.01 n 3 lp c 0.03 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT WVFGRD96 0.5 305 70 80 5.01 0.5439 WVFGRD96 1.0 315 55 85 4.94 0.5597 WVFGRD96 2.0 140 30 90 4.99 0.5728 WVFGRD96 3.0 140 30 90 5.04 0.5743 WVFGRD96 4.0 140 30 90 5.06 0.5568 WVFGRD96 5.0 140 25 90 5.11 0.5340 WVFGRD96 6.0 140 25 90 5.11 0.5120 WVFGRD96 7.0 320 65 90 5.11 0.4918 WVFGRD96 8.0 135 25 85 5.15 0.4988 WVFGRD96 9.0 140 75 90 5.16 0.4963 WVFGRD96 10.0 315 15 85 5.15 0.5133 WVFGRD96 11.0 315 15 85 5.14 0.5261 WVFGRD96 12.0 315 15 85 5.13 0.5357 WVFGRD96 13.0 310 15 80 5.13 0.5420 WVFGRD96 14.0 310 15 80 5.12 0.5464 WVFGRD96 15.0 310 15 80 5.11 0.5489 WVFGRD96 16.0 305 15 75 5.11 0.5497 WVFGRD96 17.0 295 15 60 5.10 0.5495 WVFGRD96 18.0 295 15 60 5.10 0.5482 WVFGRD96 19.0 295 15 60 5.09 0.5466 WVFGRD96 20.0 290 15 55 5.09 0.5445 WVFGRD96 21.0 290 15 55 5.10 0.5434 WVFGRD96 22.0 285 15 50 5.09 0.5405 WVFGRD96 23.0 280 15 45 5.09 0.5368 WVFGRD96 24.0 285 15 50 5.09 0.5329 WVFGRD96 25.0 270 20 30 5.09 0.5293 WVFGRD96 26.0 270 20 30 5.09 0.5249 WVFGRD96 27.0 270 20 30 5.09 0.5210 WVFGRD96 28.0 270 20 30 5.09 0.5165 WVFGRD96 29.0 270 20 30 5.09 0.5114
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 3.0 140 30 90 5.04 0.5743
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.01 n 3 lp c 0.03 n 3
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Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The following figure shows the stations used in the grid search for the best focal mechanism to fit the surface-wave spectral amplitudes of the Love and Rayleigh waves.
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The surface-wave determined focal mechanism is shown here.
NODAL PLANES STK= 155.90 DIP= 70.71 RAKE= 95.39 OR STK= 319.97 DIP= 20.00 RAKE= 74.98 DEPTH = 1.0 km Mw = 5.16 Best Fit 0.8061 - P-T axis plot gives solutions with FIT greater than FIT90
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Surface wave analysis was performed using codes from Computer Programs in Seismology, specifically the multiple filter analysis program do_mft and the surface-wave radiation pattern search program srfgrd96.
Digital data were collected, instrument response removed and traces converted
to Z, R an T components. Multiple filter analysis was applied to the Z and T traces to obtain the Rayleigh- and Love-wave spectral amplitudes, respectively.
These were input to the search program which examined all depths between 1 and 25 km
and all possible mechanisms.
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Pressure-tension axis trends. Since the surface-wave spectra search does not distinguish between P and T axes and since there is a 180 ambiguity in strike, all possible P and T axes are plotted. First motion data and waveforms will be used to select the preferred mechanism. The purpose of this plot is to provide an idea of the possible range of solutions. The P and T-axes for all mechanisms with goodness of fit greater than 0.9 FITMAX (above) are plotted here. |
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Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the Love and Rayleigh wave radiation patterns. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. Because of the symmetry of the spectral amplitude rediation patterns, only strikes from 0-180 degrees are sampled. |
Since the analysis of the surface-wave radiation patterns uses only spectral amplitudes and because the surfave-wave radiation patterns have a 180 degree symmetry, each surface-wave solution consists of four possible focal mechanisms corresponding to the interchange of the P- and T-axes and a roation of the mechanism by 180 degrees. To select one mechanism, P-wave first motion can be used. This was not possible in this case because all the P-wave first motions were emergent ( a feature of the P-wave wave takeoff angle, the station location and the mechanism). The other way to select among the mechanisms is to compute forward synthetics and compare the observed and predicted waveforms.
The fits to the waveforms with the given mechanism are show below:
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This figure shows the fit to the three components of motion (Z - vertical, R-radial and T - transverse). For each station and component, the observed traces is shown in red and the model predicted trace in blue. The traces represent filtered ground velocity in units of meters/sec (the peak value is printed adjacent to each trace; each pair of traces to plotted to the same scale to emphasize the difference in levels). Both synthetic and observed traces have been filtered using the SAC commands:
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The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 Model after 8 iterations ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00