The ANSS event ID is usp000j0zz and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000j0zz/executive.
2011/05/04 16:26:26 30.713 -105.790 10.0 3.7 Chihuahua, MX
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2011/05/04 16:26:26:0 30.71 -105.79 10.0 3.7 Chihuahua, MX Stations used: AR.319A AR.W13A AR.X18A IM.TX31 IU.ANMO IU.TUC MX.HSIG TA.121A TA.133A TA.214A TA.333A TA.433A TA.533A TA.633A TA.634A TA.733A TA.832A TA.833A TA.ABTX TA.MSTX TA.W18A TA.X32A US.JCT Filtering commands used: hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.06 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 4.17e+21 dyne-cm Mw = 3.68 Z = 13 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 0 60 -70 NP2 144 36 -121 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 4.17e+21 13 76 N 0.00e+00 17 170 P -4.17e+21 68 311 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx 0.00e+00 Mxy 1.23e+21 Mxz -7.13e+20 Myy 3.39e+21 Myz 1.96e+21 Mzz -3.39e+21 --------###### --------------######## #-----------------########## #-------------------########## ##---------------------########### ###---------------------############ ####----------------------############ #####----------------------######### # #####---------- ---------######### T # ######---------- P ----------######## ## ######---------- ----------############# #######----------------------############# #######----------------------############# #######--------------------############# ########-------------------############# ########------------------############ #########---------------############ ##########-------------########### ##########----------########## #############-----########## ##############-------- ########------ Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -3.39e+21 -7.13e+20 -1.96e+21 -7.13e+20 0.00e+00 -1.23e+21 -1.96e+21 -1.23e+21 3.39e+21 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20110504162626/index.html |
STK = 0 DIP = 60 RAKE = -70 MW = 3.68 HS = 13.0
The NDK file is 20110504162626.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.06 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT WVFGRD96 0.5 -10 40 -85 3.40 0.3216 WVFGRD96 1.0 350 45 -90 3.43 0.3330 WVFGRD96 2.0 170 45 -90 3.50 0.3629 WVFGRD96 3.0 185 55 -75 3.56 0.3527 WVFGRD96 4.0 180 60 -80 3.59 0.3211 WVFGRD96 5.0 25 85 -55 3.55 0.3352 WVFGRD96 6.0 210 90 50 3.55 0.3573 WVFGRD96 7.0 25 85 -50 3.55 0.3773 WVFGRD96 8.0 10 75 -65 3.63 0.3971 WVFGRD96 9.0 0 70 -70 3.65 0.4147 WVFGRD96 10.0 -5 65 -75 3.67 0.4303 WVFGRD96 11.0 350 65 -85 3.68 0.4391 WVFGRD96 12.0 355 60 -75 3.68 0.4454 WVFGRD96 13.0 0 60 -70 3.68 0.4462 WVFGRD96 14.0 5 60 -65 3.67 0.4434 WVFGRD96 15.0 10 65 -55 3.66 0.4392 WVFGRD96 16.0 15 70 -50 3.66 0.4341 WVFGRD96 17.0 20 70 -50 3.66 0.4283 WVFGRD96 18.0 20 70 -45 3.67 0.4220 WVFGRD96 19.0 20 70 -45 3.67 0.4148 WVFGRD96 20.0 20 70 -45 3.67 0.4067 WVFGRD96 21.0 20 70 -45 3.68 0.3993 WVFGRD96 22.0 25 80 -40 3.68 0.3907 WVFGRD96 23.0 25 80 -40 3.69 0.3819 WVFGRD96 24.0 25 80 -40 3.69 0.3725 WVFGRD96 25.0 25 80 -40 3.70 0.3628 WVFGRD96 26.0 25 80 -40 3.70 0.3528 WVFGRD96 27.0 25 80 -40 3.71 0.3426 WVFGRD96 28.0 25 75 -40 3.71 0.3323 WVFGRD96 29.0 30 80 -35 3.72 0.3222
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 13.0 0 60 -70 3.68 0.4462
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.06 n 3
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Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 Model after 8 iterations ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00