The ANSS event ID is usp000j0ct and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000j0ct/executive.
2011/04/22 00:06:04 63.964 -130.995 5.9 4.1 Yukon, Canada
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2011/04/22 00:06:04:0 63.96 -130.99 5.9 4.1 Yukon, Canada Stations used: AK.BAL AK.CCB AK.CTG AK.DHY AK.HDA AK.KLU AK.MCK AK.MDM AK.RAG AK.RND AK.SCM AK.TGL AK.WRH AT.MENT AT.SKAG CN.BVCY CN.DAWY CN.DLBC CN.HPLN CN.HYT CN.INK CN.SMPN CN.WHY CN.YUK1 CN.YUK5 CN.YUK7 IU.COLA US.EGAK US.WRAK Filtering commands used: hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.06 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 2.11e+22 dyne-cm Mw = 4.15 Z = 11 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 60 90 -10 NP2 150 80 -180 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 2.11e+22 7 105 N 0.00e+00 80 240 P -2.11e+22 7 15 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx -1.80e+22 Mxy -1.04e+22 Mxz -3.18e+21 Myy 1.80e+22 Myz 1.84e+21 Mzz 3.21e+14 ---------- P - #------------- ----- ####------------------------ ######------------------------ ########-------------------------- ##########-------------------------- ############---------------------##### ##############-----------------######### ###############-------------############ #################---------################ ##################-----################### ########################################## ################----################## # ############--------################# T #########------------################ #####----------------################# ----------------------############## ----------------------############ ---------------------######### ----------------------###### ---------------------# -------------- Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P 3.21e+14 -3.18e+21 -1.84e+21 -3.18e+21 -1.80e+22 1.04e+22 -1.84e+21 1.04e+22 1.80e+22 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20110422000604/index.html |
STK = 60 DIP = 90 RAKE = -10 MW = 4.15 HS = 11.0
The NDK file is 20110422000604.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
![]() |
The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
![]() |
|
The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.06 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT WVFGRD96 0.5 65 90 -15 3.96 0.4235 WVFGRD96 1.0 65 90 -15 3.98 0.4505 WVFGRD96 2.0 65 90 0 4.01 0.4994 WVFGRD96 3.0 65 90 0 4.04 0.5353 WVFGRD96 4.0 240 85 -5 4.07 0.5625 WVFGRD96 5.0 240 85 -5 4.09 0.5813 WVFGRD96 6.0 240 80 -5 4.10 0.5952 WVFGRD96 7.0 240 80 -5 4.11 0.6054 WVFGRD96 8.0 240 90 10 4.13 0.6132 WVFGRD96 9.0 240 90 10 4.14 0.6200 WVFGRD96 10.0 60 85 -10 4.15 0.6259 WVFGRD96 11.0 60 90 -10 4.15 0.6277 WVFGRD96 12.0 240 90 10 4.16 0.6274 WVFGRD96 13.0 240 90 10 4.17 0.6251 WVFGRD96 14.0 60 90 -5 4.17 0.6218 WVFGRD96 15.0 240 90 5 4.18 0.6175 WVFGRD96 16.0 60 90 -5 4.18 0.6136 WVFGRD96 17.0 240 90 5 4.19 0.6088 WVFGRD96 18.0 60 85 0 4.20 0.6033 WVFGRD96 19.0 240 90 0 4.21 0.5979 WVFGRD96 20.0 60 85 0 4.21 0.5941 WVFGRD96 21.0 240 90 -5 4.22 0.5864 WVFGRD96 22.0 240 90 -5 4.23 0.5789 WVFGRD96 23.0 60 85 0 4.23 0.5709 WVFGRD96 24.0 60 85 0 4.24 0.5621 WVFGRD96 25.0 60 85 0 4.24 0.5530 WVFGRD96 26.0 60 85 0 4.25 0.5432 WVFGRD96 27.0 60 85 0 4.25 0.5336 WVFGRD96 28.0 60 85 0 4.26 0.5239 WVFGRD96 29.0 240 90 -5 4.27 0.5135
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 11.0 60 90 -10 4.15 0.6277
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
![]() |
|
The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
![]() |
|
The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.06 n 3
![]() |
Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
![]() |
Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The CUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 CUS Model with Q from simple gamma values ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.0000 5.0000 2.8900 2.5000 0.172E-02 0.387E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 9.0000 6.1000 3.5200 2.7300 0.160E-02 0.363E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 10.0000 6.4000 3.7000 2.8200 0.149E-02 0.336E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 20.0000 6.7000 3.8700 2.9020 0.000E-04 0.000E-04 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 8.1500 4.7000 3.3640 0.194E-02 0.431E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00