The ANSS event ID is usp000hz2e and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000hz2e/executive.
2011/04/01 12:56:28 43.013 -110.267 5.0 3.9 Wyoming
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2011/04/01 12:56:28:0 43.01 -110.27 5.0 3.9 Wyoming Stations used: IW.DLMT IW.FLWY IW.LOHW IW.MOOW IW.REDW IW.SNOW US.AHID US.BW06 US.HLID US.HWUT UU.BGU UU.HVU UU.SPU WY.YNR Filtering commands used: hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 8.61e+21 dyne-cm Mw = 3.89 Z = 16 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 354 72 -99 NP2 200 20 -65 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 8.61e+21 26 90 N 0.00e+00 8 356 P -8.61e+21 62 250 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx -2.13e+20 Mxy -6.59e+20 Mxz 1.17e+21 Myy 5.23e+21 Myz 6.79e+21 Mzz -5.02e+21 ######-####### ######-----########### ######---------############# ####------------############## #####--------------############### ####-----------------############### ####------------------################ ####--------------------################ ####--------------------################ ####---------------------################# ####----------------------######### #### ####--------- ----------######### T #### ####--------- P ----------######### #### ###--------- ----------############### ###----------------------############### ###---------------------############## ###--------------------############# ###-------------------############ ##-----------------########### ##----------------########## #--------------####### ----------#### Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -5.02e+21 1.17e+21 -6.79e+21 1.17e+21 -2.13e+20 6.59e+20 -6.79e+21 6.59e+20 5.23e+21 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20110401125628/index.html |
STK = 200 DIP = 20 RAKE = -65 MW = 3.89 HS = 16.0
The NDK file is 20110401125628.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
![]() |
The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
![]() |
|
The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT WVFGRD96 0.5 10 45 -90 3.44 0.2915 WVFGRD96 1.0 95 90 0 3.39 0.2169 WVFGRD96 2.0 185 45 -90 3.62 0.3595 WVFGRD96 3.0 95 90 -5 3.60 0.2936 WVFGRD96 4.0 275 35 0 3.70 0.3072 WVFGRD96 5.0 280 20 10 3.77 0.4143 WVFGRD96 6.0 250 5 -20 3.79 0.4976 WVFGRD96 7.0 0 80 -90 3.79 0.5455 WVFGRD96 8.0 185 10 -85 3.86 0.5697 WVFGRD96 9.0 190 15 -80 3.86 0.5917 WVFGRD96 10.0 195 15 -75 3.86 0.6074 WVFGRD96 11.0 200 20 -70 3.86 0.6195 WVFGRD96 12.0 200 20 -65 3.87 0.6279 WVFGRD96 13.0 200 20 -65 3.88 0.6337 WVFGRD96 14.0 200 20 -65 3.88 0.6377 WVFGRD96 15.0 200 20 -65 3.89 0.6399 WVFGRD96 16.0 200 20 -65 3.89 0.6406 WVFGRD96 17.0 200 20 -65 3.90 0.6401 WVFGRD96 18.0 200 20 -65 3.91 0.6385 WVFGRD96 19.0 195 20 -70 3.92 0.6364 WVFGRD96 20.0 195 20 -70 3.93 0.6331 WVFGRD96 21.0 195 20 -70 3.94 0.6291 WVFGRD96 22.0 195 20 -70 3.95 0.6229 WVFGRD96 23.0 195 20 -70 3.96 0.6157 WVFGRD96 24.0 195 20 -70 3.97 0.6078 WVFGRD96 25.0 185 20 -80 3.98 0.5981 WVFGRD96 26.0 -5 75 -95 3.99 0.5872 WVFGRD96 27.0 -5 75 -95 4.00 0.5758 WVFGRD96 28.0 -5 75 -90 4.01 0.5630 WVFGRD96 29.0 -5 75 -90 4.02 0.5486
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 16.0 200 20 -65 3.89 0.6406
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
![]() |
|
The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
![]() |
|
The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
![]() |
Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
![]() |
Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 Model after 8 iterations ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00