The ANSS event ID is ak010fzkcfpx and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak010fzkcfpx/executive.
2010/12/14 02:22:36 62.285 -150.273 19.2 3.7 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2010/12/14 02:22:36:0 62.28 -150.27 19.2 3.7 Alaska Stations used: AK.BPAW AK.DHY AK.EYAK AK.FID AK.MCK AK.RAG AK.RC01 AK.RND AK.SAW AK.SCM AK.TRF AK.WRH AT.PMR AT.TTA Filtering commands used: hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 4.62e+21 dyne-cm Mw = 3.71 Z = 20 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 235 67 136 NP2 345 50 30 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 4.62e+21 46 192 N 0.00e+00 42 33 P -4.62e+21 11 294 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx 1.38e+21 Mxy 2.09e+21 Mxz -2.59e+21 Myy -3.66e+21 Myz 2.78e+20 Mzz 2.28e+21 ---########### -----------########### ----------------############ -------------------########### ----------------------##########-- ------------------------------------ -------------------#####----------- - P ---------------#########------------ - -------------############----------- ---------------################----------- -------------##################----------- -----------####################----------- ---------#######################---------- -------########################--------- ------#########################--------- ----########### ############-------- --############ T ###########-------- ############# ###########------- ########################------ ######################------ ##################---- #############- Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P 2.28e+21 -2.59e+21 -2.78e+20 -2.59e+21 1.38e+21 -2.09e+21 -2.78e+20 -2.09e+21 -3.66e+21 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20101214022236/index.html |
STK = 345 DIP = 50 RAKE = 30 MW = 3.71 HS = 20.0
The NDK file is 20101214022236.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT WVFGRD96 0.5 220 45 90 3.28 0.3654 WVFGRD96 1.0 -5 90 0 3.32 0.3323 WVFGRD96 2.0 345 90 0 3.42 0.4200 WVFGRD96 3.0 345 85 5 3.47 0.4150 WVFGRD96 4.0 160 50 -10 3.52 0.4023 WVFGRD96 5.0 335 40 -15 3.56 0.4741 WVFGRD96 6.0 330 35 -15 3.56 0.5385 WVFGRD96 7.0 330 40 -15 3.56 0.5764 WVFGRD96 8.0 330 35 -15 3.62 0.5976 WVFGRD96 9.0 330 40 -15 3.62 0.6156 WVFGRD96 10.0 325 40 -20 3.62 0.6277 WVFGRD96 11.0 325 45 -25 3.64 0.6386 WVFGRD96 12.0 340 45 30 3.63 0.6494 WVFGRD96 13.0 340 45 25 3.64 0.6593 WVFGRD96 14.0 340 50 25 3.65 0.6684 WVFGRD96 15.0 340 50 25 3.66 0.6753 WVFGRD96 16.0 340 50 25 3.67 0.6807 WVFGRD96 17.0 345 50 30 3.68 0.6850 WVFGRD96 18.0 345 50 30 3.69 0.6879 WVFGRD96 19.0 345 50 25 3.70 0.6895 WVFGRD96 20.0 345 50 30 3.71 0.6896 WVFGRD96 21.0 345 50 30 3.73 0.6879 WVFGRD96 22.0 350 50 30 3.74 0.6842 WVFGRD96 23.0 350 50 30 3.75 0.6784 WVFGRD96 24.0 350 50 25 3.76 0.6698 WVFGRD96 25.0 350 50 25 3.77 0.6591 WVFGRD96 26.0 350 50 25 3.78 0.6459 WVFGRD96 27.0 350 50 25 3.79 0.6302 WVFGRD96 28.0 345 50 25 3.79 0.6123 WVFGRD96 29.0 345 50 25 3.80 0.5927
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 20.0 345 50 30 3.71 0.6896
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
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Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 Model after 8 iterations ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00