The ANSS event ID is nm607654 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nm607654/executive.
2010/10/16 09:43:19 35.288 -92.333 6.0 3.5 Arkansas
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2010/10/16 09:43:19:0 35.29 -92.33 6.0 3.5 Arkansas
Stations used:
AG.HHAR AG.LCAR AG.WLAR IU.CCM NM.MGMO NM.SIUC NM.UALR
TA.Q36A TA.S36A TA.T36A TA.T37A TA.W37A TA.Y37A TA.Y39A
TA.Z38A US.MIAR
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 2.02e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.47
Z = 10 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 305 80 25
NP2 210 65 169
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 2.02e+21 25 170
N 0.00e+00 63 325
P -2.02e+21 10 76
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 1.50e+21
Mxy -7.53e+20
Mxz -8.39e+20
Myy -1.79e+21
Myz -2.00e+20
Mzz 2.92e+20
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---------------###------------------- P
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---############ T ##########
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Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
2.92e+20 -8.39e+20 2.00e+20
-8.39e+20 1.50e+21 7.53e+20
2.00e+20 7.53e+20 -1.79e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20101016094319/index.html
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STK = 305
DIP = 80
RAKE = 25
MW = 3.47
HS = 10.0
The NDK file is 20101016094319.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 0.5 125 65 15 3.36 0.5974
WVFGRD96 1.0 125 75 15 3.35 0.6177
WVFGRD96 2.0 120 75 -10 3.36 0.6453
WVFGRD96 3.0 300 70 -15 3.39 0.6563
WVFGRD96 4.0 300 70 -15 3.40 0.6558
WVFGRD96 5.0 310 60 25 3.44 0.6593
WVFGRD96 6.0 310 65 25 3.43 0.6655
WVFGRD96 7.0 305 80 25 3.43 0.6706
WVFGRD96 8.0 305 80 25 3.44 0.6733
WVFGRD96 9.0 305 80 25 3.45 0.6751
WVFGRD96 10.0 305 80 25 3.47 0.6758
WVFGRD96 11.0 305 80 25 3.48 0.6751
WVFGRD96 12.0 305 80 25 3.49 0.6728
WVFGRD96 13.0 305 75 20 3.50 0.6688
WVFGRD96 14.0 305 75 20 3.51 0.6630
WVFGRD96 15.0 305 70 15 3.52 0.6555
WVFGRD96 16.0 305 70 15 3.53 0.6470
WVFGRD96 17.0 120 90 -20 3.54 0.6301
WVFGRD96 18.0 305 70 15 3.54 0.6228
WVFGRD96 19.0 305 60 10 3.56 0.6089
WVFGRD96 20.0 305 55 10 3.58 0.5948
WVFGRD96 21.0 305 50 10 3.60 0.5813
WVFGRD96 22.0 310 45 20 3.62 0.5679
WVFGRD96 23.0 315 35 30 3.67 0.5553
WVFGRD96 24.0 315 35 30 3.68 0.5457
WVFGRD96 25.0 315 30 30 3.71 0.5374
WVFGRD96 26.0 320 25 35 3.74 0.5316
WVFGRD96 27.0 320 25 35 3.75 0.5255
WVFGRD96 28.0 315 25 30 3.76 0.5193
WVFGRD96 29.0 320 20 35 3.79 0.5140
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 10.0 305 80 25 3.47 0.6758
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The CUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 CUS Model with Q from simple gamma values ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.0000 5.0000 2.8900 2.5000 0.172E-02 0.387E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 9.0000 6.1000 3.5200 2.7300 0.160E-02 0.363E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 10.0000 6.4000 3.7000 2.8200 0.149E-02 0.336E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 20.0000 6.7000 3.8700 2.9020 0.000E-04 0.000E-04 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 8.1500 4.7000 3.3640 0.194E-02 0.431E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00