The ANSS event ID is nn00314505 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nn00314505/executive.
2010/07/30 11:13:46 38.622 -118.211 11.1 4.1 Nevada
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2010/07/30 11:13:46:0 38.62 -118.21 11.1 4.1 Nevada
Stations used:
BK.CMB BK.WDC CI.ADO CI.ARV CI.BBR CI.BEL CI.DEC CI.DJJ
CI.EDW2 CI.FMP CI.FUR CI.GMR CI.GRA CI.ISA CI.MPM CI.PASC
CI.RPV CI.SHO CI.SLA CI.TIN CI.TUQ CI.VCS CI.VTV LB.BMN
LB.DAC LB.TPH TA.M02C TA.M04C TA.R11A US.DUG US.TPNV
US.WVOR UU.BGU UU.CCUT UU.MTPU UU.PKCU UU.PSUT UW.TREE
YX.A03 YX.A11 YX.A13 YX.A15 YX.B14 YX.C03 YX.C04 YX.C18
YX.D01 YX.D04 YX.D05
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.06 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 6.53e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.81
Z = 14 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 250 85 -15
NP2 341 75 -175
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 6.53e+21 7 297
N 0.00e+00 74 52
P -6.53e+21 14 205
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -3.78e+21
Mxy -4.91e+21
Mxz 1.75e+21
Myy 4.07e+21
Myz -5.27e+19
Mzz -2.94e+20
#-------------
######----------------
###########-----------------
#############-----------------
################------------------
################------------------
T #################------------------
# ##################---------------###
######################--------##########
########################-#################
####################-----#################
###############----------#################
##########----------------################
#####--------------------###############
##------------------------##############
-------------------------#############
------------------------############
------------------------##########
------ -------------########
----- P -------------#######
-- -------------####
--------------
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-2.94e+20 1.75e+21 5.27e+19
1.75e+21 -3.78e+21 4.91e+21
5.27e+19 4.91e+21 4.07e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20100730111346/index.html
|
STK = 250
DIP = 85
RAKE = -15
MW = 3.81
HS = 14.0
The NDK file is 20100730111346.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
 |
The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
|
|
|
The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.06 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 250 90 -5 3.47 0.4874
WVFGRD96 2.0 70 90 5 3.55 0.5869
WVFGRD96 3.0 250 85 -10 3.59 0.6369
WVFGRD96 4.0 70 85 0 3.62 0.6717
WVFGRD96 5.0 70 80 -10 3.65 0.6995
WVFGRD96 6.0 70 80 -10 3.67 0.7237
WVFGRD96 7.0 70 80 -10 3.70 0.7454
WVFGRD96 8.0 250 90 -20 3.73 0.7665
WVFGRD96 9.0 250 85 -20 3.75 0.7850
WVFGRD96 10.0 75 80 20 3.77 0.8001
WVFGRD96 11.0 250 85 -20 3.78 0.8117
WVFGRD96 12.0 75 80 15 3.79 0.8178
WVFGRD96 13.0 250 85 -15 3.80 0.8245
WVFGRD96 14.0 250 85 -15 3.81 0.8263
WVFGRD96 15.0 70 90 15 3.82 0.8244
WVFGRD96 16.0 250 85 -15 3.83 0.8215
WVFGRD96 17.0 250 90 -10 3.84 0.8157
WVFGRD96 18.0 70 90 10 3.85 0.8085
WVFGRD96 19.0 250 90 -10 3.86 0.7995
WVFGRD96 20.0 250 90 -10 3.87 0.7887
WVFGRD96 21.0 70 90 10 3.87 0.7763
WVFGRD96 22.0 250 90 -10 3.88 0.7629
WVFGRD96 23.0 70 90 10 3.89 0.7481
WVFGRD96 24.0 250 90 -10 3.90 0.7322
WVFGRD96 25.0 70 90 10 3.90 0.7154
WVFGRD96 26.0 70 90 10 3.91 0.6979
WVFGRD96 27.0 250 90 -10 3.92 0.6797
WVFGRD96 28.0 250 90 -10 3.92 0.6612
WVFGRD96 29.0 250 90 -10 3.93 0.6422
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 14.0 250 85 -15 3.81 0.8263
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
|
|
|
The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
|
|
|
The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.06 n 3
|
| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
|
| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
Model after 8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00