Left: mLg computed using the IASPEI formula. Center: mLg residuals versus epicentral distance ; the values used for the trimmed mean magnitude estimate are indicated. Right: residuals as a function of distance and azimuth.
The ANSS event ID is ld2010062300 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ld2010062300/executive.
2010/06/23 17:41:42 45.883 -75.475 18.9 5.35 Quebec
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2010/06/23 17:41:42:0 45.88 -75.47 18.9 5.3 Quebec
Stations used:
CN.A11 CN.A16 CN.A54 CN.A61 CN.A64 CN.GGN CN.KAPO CN.KGNO
CN.LMQ CN.SADO CN.VLDQ IU.HRV LD.ACCN LD.BRNY LD.HCNY
LD.KSPA LD.MMNY LD.NPNY LD.ODNJ LD.PAL LD.PRNY LD.PTN
LD.UCCT LD.WCNY NE.BRYW NE.FFD NE.HNH NE.QUA2 NE.TRY NE.WES
NE.WVL NE.YLE PE.PSWB PO.BANO PO.BMRO PO.BRCO PO.BUKO
PO.BWLO PO.CLWO PO.TOBO US.LONY US.NCB
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.07 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 3.98e+23 dyne-cm
Mw = 5.00
Z = 22 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 150 50 80
NP2 345 41 102
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 3.98e+23 81 7
N 0.00e+00 8 156
P -3.98e+23 5 247
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -5.07e+22
Mxy -1.41e+23
Mxz 7.25e+22
Myy -3.35e+23
Myz 3.67e+22
Mzz 3.86e+23
#####---------
############----------
---###############----------
---##################---------
-----###################----------
-----######################---------
------#######################---------
--------#######################---------
--------########### #########---------
---------########### T ##########---------
----------########## ##########---------
----------########################--------
-----------#######################--------
-----------######################-------
---------####################--------
P -----------##################-------
------------#################------
--------------##############------
--------------###########-----
----------------#######-----
------------------#---
-------------#
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
3.86e+23 7.25e+22 -3.67e+22
7.25e+22 -5.07e+22 1.41e+23
-3.67e+22 1.41e+23 -3.35e+23
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20100623174142/index.html
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STK = 150
DIP = 50
RAKE = 80
MW = 5.00
HS = 22.0
The NDK file is 20100623174142.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: mLg computed using the IASPEI formula. Center: mLg residuals versus epicentral distance ; the values used for the trimmed mean magnitude estimate are indicated.
Right: residuals as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 90 40 -90 4.72 0.5768
WVFGRD96 2.0 80 40 -90 4.80 0.5935
WVFGRD96 3.0 280 60 -55 4.85 0.5670
WVFGRD96 4.0 110 80 -55 4.83 0.5481
WVFGRD96 5.0 115 90 -55 4.82 0.5659
WVFGRD96 6.0 115 90 -55 4.82 0.5874
WVFGRD96 7.0 115 90 -55 4.82 0.6077
WVFGRD96 8.0 115 90 -55 4.82 0.6246
WVFGRD96 9.0 115 90 -50 4.82 0.6394
WVFGRD96 10.0 110 85 -55 4.85 0.6515
WVFGRD96 11.0 110 85 -55 4.85 0.6623
WVFGRD96 12.0 110 85 -55 4.85 0.6711
WVFGRD96 13.0 295 90 55 4.86 0.6775
WVFGRD96 14.0 310 65 55 4.90 0.6956
WVFGRD96 15.0 315 55 55 4.92 0.7131
WVFGRD96 16.0 315 55 55 4.93 0.7275
WVFGRD96 17.0 315 55 55 4.94 0.7390
WVFGRD96 18.0 150 55 80 4.95 0.7481
WVFGRD96 19.0 150 55 80 4.96 0.7557
WVFGRD96 20.0 150 55 80 4.99 0.7607
WVFGRD96 21.0 150 50 80 4.99 0.7633
WVFGRD96 22.0 150 50 80 5.00 0.7636
WVFGRD96 23.0 150 50 80 5.00 0.7617
WVFGRD96 24.0 310 55 50 5.01 0.7624
WVFGRD96 25.0 310 55 50 5.01 0.7584
WVFGRD96 26.0 315 50 55 5.02 0.7532
WVFGRD96 27.0 315 50 55 5.02 0.7466
WVFGRD96 28.0 315 50 55 5.03 0.7390
WVFGRD96 29.0 315 50 55 5.04 0.7301
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 22.0 150 50 80 5.00 0.7636
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3
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| Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The CUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 CUS Model with Q from simple gamma values ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.0000 5.0000 2.8900 2.5000 0.172E-02 0.387E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 9.0000 6.1000 3.5200 2.7300 0.160E-02 0.363E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 10.0000 6.4000 3.7000 2.8200 0.149E-02 0.336E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 20.0000 6.7000 3.8700 2.9020 0.000E-04 0.000E-04 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 8.1500 4.7000 3.3640 0.194E-02 0.431E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00