The ANSS event ID is nm607272 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nm607272/executive.
2010/03/02 19:37:35 36.788 -89.356 8.2 3.7 Missouri
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2010/03/02 19:37:35:0 36.79 -89.36 8.2 3.7 Missouri Stations used: 3E.CUKY NM.HENM NM.HICK NM.PARM NM.UTMT Y8.S01 Filtering commands used: hp c 0.10 n 3 lp c 0.40 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 4.79e+21 dyne-cm Mw = 3.72 Z = 13 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 34 82 145 NP2 130 55 10 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 4.79e+21 30 346 N 0.00e+00 54 203 P -4.79e+21 18 87 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx 3.34e+21 Mxy -1.06e+21 Mxz 1.96e+21 Myy -4.13e+21 Myz -1.89e+21 Mzz 7.81e+20 ############## ###################### ######### #############--- ########## T ############----- -########### ############------- --#########################--------- ---########################----------- -----######################------------- ------###################--------------- --------#################------------ -- ---------###############------------- P -- ----------#############-------------- -- -----------###########-------------------- ------------#######--------------------- --------------####---------------------- ---------------#---------------------- -------------####------------------- ----------##########-------------- -------####################### ----######################## ###################### ############## Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P 7.81e+20 1.96e+21 1.89e+21 1.96e+21 3.34e+21 1.06e+21 1.89e+21 1.06e+21 -4.13e+21 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20100302193735/index.html |
STK = 130 DIP = 55 RAKE = 10 MW = 3.72 HS = 13.0
The NDK file is 20100302193735.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
The following compares this source inversion to those provided by others. The purpose is to look for major differences and also to note slight differences that might be inherent to the processing procedure. For completeness the USGS/SLU solution is repeated from above.
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2010/03/02 19:37:35:0 36.79 -89.36 8.2 3.7 Missouri Stations used: 3E.CUKY NM.HENM NM.HICK NM.PARM NM.UTMT Y8.S01 Filtering commands used: hp c 0.10 n 3 lp c 0.40 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 4.79e+21 dyne-cm Mw = 3.72 Z = 13 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 34 82 145 NP2 130 55 10 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 4.79e+21 30 346 N 0.00e+00 54 203 P -4.79e+21 18 87 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx 3.34e+21 Mxy -1.06e+21 Mxz 1.96e+21 Myy -4.13e+21 Myz -1.89e+21 Mzz 7.81e+20 ############## ###################### ######### #############--- ########## T ############----- -########### ############------- --#########################--------- ---########################----------- -----######################------------- ------###################--------------- --------#################------------ -- ---------###############------------- P -- ----------#############-------------- -- -----------###########-------------------- ------------#######--------------------- --------------####---------------------- ---------------#---------------------- -------------####------------------- ----------##########-------------- -------####################### ----######################## ###################### ############## Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P 7.81e+20 1.96e+21 1.89e+21 1.96e+21 3.34e+21 1.06e+21 1.89e+21 1.06e+21 -4.13e+21 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20100302193735/index.html |
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Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: mLg computed using the IASPEI formula. Center: mLg residuals versus epicentral distance ; the values used for the trimmed mean magnitude estimate are indicated.
Right: residuals as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.10 n 3 lp c 0.40 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT WVFGRD96 1.0 310 85 10 3.36 0.4429 WVFGRD96 2.0 310 80 5 3.43 0.4677 WVFGRD96 3.0 130 80 0 3.47 0.4681 WVFGRD96 4.0 130 85 5 3.50 0.4649 WVFGRD96 5.0 130 80 5 3.54 0.4880 WVFGRD96 6.0 130 75 5 3.57 0.5152 WVFGRD96 7.0 130 70 10 3.59 0.5011 WVFGRD96 8.0 130 70 10 3.61 0.5279 WVFGRD96 9.0 130 65 10 3.63 0.5148 WVFGRD96 10.0 130 60 10 3.67 0.5496 WVFGRD96 11.0 130 60 10 3.68 0.5286 WVFGRD96 12.0 130 55 10 3.71 0.5437 WVFGRD96 13.0 130 55 10 3.72 0.5616 WVFGRD96 14.0 135 50 15 3.72 0.5443 WVFGRD96 15.0 130 50 10 3.74 0.5315 WVFGRD96 16.0 130 50 10 3.76 0.5543 WVFGRD96 17.0 135 45 15 3.76 0.5596 WVFGRD96 18.0 130 45 10 3.78 0.5518 WVFGRD96 19.0 130 45 10 3.78 0.5342 WVFGRD96 20.0 130 45 5 3.80 0.5126 WVFGRD96 21.0 120 40 5 3.86 0.5078 WVFGRD96 22.0 125 35 10 3.86 0.5234 WVFGRD96 23.0 120 40 5 3.88 0.5295 WVFGRD96 24.0 125 35 10 3.88 0.5249 WVFGRD96 25.0 125 35 10 3.88 0.5145 WVFGRD96 26.0 125 35 10 3.88 0.5005 WVFGRD96 27.0 125 35 10 3.89 0.5005 WVFGRD96 28.0 125 35 10 3.89 0.5027 WVFGRD96 29.0 125 35 10 3.90 0.4994
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 13.0 130 55 10 3.72 0.5616
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.10 n 3 lp c 0.40 n 3
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Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The CUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 CUS Model with Q from simple gamma values ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.0000 5.0000 2.8900 2.5000 0.172E-02 0.387E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 9.0000 6.1000 3.5200 2.7300 0.160E-02 0.363E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 10.0000 6.4000 3.7000 2.8200 0.149E-02 0.336E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 20.0000 6.7000 3.8700 2.9020 0.000E-04 0.000E-04 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 8.1500 4.7000 3.3640 0.194E-02 0.431E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00