The ANSS event ID is ak008exoev7b and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ak008exoev7b/executive.
2008/11/20 11:34:09 69.107 -144.790 27.8 4.3 Alaska
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2008/11/20 11:34:09:0 69.11 -144.79 27.8 4.3 Alaska Stations used: AK.BPAW AK.COLD AK.MCK AK.PAX AK.TRF CN.DAWY CN.INK IU.COLA US.EGAK Filtering commands used: rtr taper w 0.05 hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 1.45e+22 dyne-cm Mw = 4.04 Z = 11 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 117 86 150 NP2 210 60 5 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 1.45e+22 24 70 N 0.00e+00 60 290 P -1.45e+22 17 168 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx -1.11e+22 Mxy 6.71e+21 Mxz 5.92e+21 Myy 9.98e+21 Myz 4.15e+21 Mzz 1.09e+21 -------------- --------------------## -------------------######### -----------------############# -----------------################# ----------------#################### ##-------------################# ### ######---------################## T #### #########-----################### #### ########################################## #############----######################### ############--------###################### ###########-------------################## ##########-----------------############# #########----------------------######### ########--------------------------#### #######----------------------------- ######---------------------------- ####-------------------------- ###------------- --------- ------------- P ------ --------- -- Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P 1.09e+21 5.92e+21 -4.15e+21 5.92e+21 -1.11e+22 -6.71e+21 -4.15e+21 -6.71e+21 9.98e+21 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20081120113409/index.html |
STK = 210 DIP = 60 RAKE = 5 MW = 4.04 HS = 11.0
The NDK file is 20081120113409.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
The following compares this source inversion to those provided by others. The purpose is to look for major differences and also to note slight differences that might be inherent to the processing procedure. For completeness the USGS/SLU solution is repeated from above.
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2008/11/20 11:34:09:0 69.11 -144.79 27.8 4.3 Alaska Stations used: AK.BPAW AK.COLD AK.MCK AK.PAX AK.TRF CN.DAWY CN.INK IU.COLA US.EGAK Filtering commands used: rtr taper w 0.05 hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 1.45e+22 dyne-cm Mw = 4.04 Z = 11 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 117 86 150 NP2 210 60 5 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 1.45e+22 24 70 N 0.00e+00 60 290 P -1.45e+22 17 168 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx -1.11e+22 Mxy 6.71e+21 Mxz 5.92e+21 Myy 9.98e+21 Myz 4.15e+21 Mzz 1.09e+21 -------------- --------------------## -------------------######### -----------------############# -----------------################# ----------------#################### ##-------------################# ### ######---------################## T #### #########-----################### #### ########################################## #############----######################### ############--------###################### ###########-------------################## ##########-----------------############# #########----------------------######### ########--------------------------#### #######----------------------------- ######---------------------------- ####-------------------------- ###------------- --------- ------------- P ------ --------- -- Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P 1.09e+21 5.92e+21 -4.15e+21 5.92e+21 -1.11e+22 -6.71e+21 -4.15e+21 -6.71e+21 9.98e+21 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20081120113409/index.html |
![]() |
Moment tensor inversion summary for event 2008/11/20 11:34 Date: 2008/11/20 Time: 11:34 (UTC) Region: Northeast Brooks Range, Alaska Mw=4.3 Location: Lat. 69.1067; Lon. -144.7887; Depth 25 km (Best-fitting depth from moment tensor inversion) Solution quality: poor Number of stations = 3 Best Double Couple: strike dip rake Plane 1: 342.8 88.3 159.8 Plane 2: 73.5 69.8 1.8 Moment Tensor Parameters: Mo = 2.77984e+22 dyn-cm Mxx = -1.41; Mxy = -2.16; Mxz = -0.12 Myy = 1.51; Myz = -0.97; Mzz = -0.10 Principal Axes: value azimuth plunge T: 2.88 296.32 15.39 N: -0.20 158.14 69.73 P: -2.68 29.92 12.87 |
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
![]() |
The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
![]() |
|
The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
rtr taper w 0.05 hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT WVFGRD96 0.5 185 65 -30 3.80 0.5133 WVFGRD96 1.0 185 70 -30 3.82 0.5188 WVFGRD96 2.0 180 65 -40 3.89 0.5449 WVFGRD96 3.0 10 40 -20 3.97 0.5351 WVFGRD96 4.0 25 45 -15 3.98 0.5683 WVFGRD96 5.0 210 45 0 3.98 0.5862 WVFGRD96 6.0 210 50 5 3.97 0.5995 WVFGRD96 7.0 210 55 10 3.97 0.6079 WVFGRD96 8.0 210 50 5 4.02 0.6128 WVFGRD96 9.0 210 55 5 4.02 0.6160 WVFGRD96 10.0 210 55 10 4.03 0.6179 WVFGRD96 11.0 210 60 5 4.04 0.6179 WVFGRD96 12.0 210 60 10 4.05 0.6176 WVFGRD96 13.0 210 60 10 4.05 0.6157 WVFGRD96 14.0 210 65 5 4.07 0.6112 WVFGRD96 15.0 210 65 0 4.09 0.6080 WVFGRD96 16.0 210 65 0 4.09 0.6023 WVFGRD96 17.0 210 65 5 4.10 0.5950 WVFGRD96 18.0 210 65 5 4.11 0.5875 WVFGRD96 19.0 25 65 25 4.11 0.5813 WVFGRD96 20.0 25 65 25 4.12 0.5744 WVFGRD96 21.0 25 65 25 4.13 0.5662 WVFGRD96 22.0 25 65 25 4.14 0.5573 WVFGRD96 23.0 25 65 25 4.15 0.5473 WVFGRD96 24.0 25 65 25 4.15 0.5361 WVFGRD96 25.0 25 65 25 4.16 0.5247 WVFGRD96 26.0 25 70 30 4.18 0.5118 WVFGRD96 27.0 25 70 30 4.18 0.4999 WVFGRD96 28.0 25 70 30 4.19 0.4868 WVFGRD96 29.0 25 70 30 4.19 0.4739
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 11.0 210 60 5 4.04 0.6179
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
![]() |
|
The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
![]() |
|
The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
rtr taper w 0.05 hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
![]() |
Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
![]() |
Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 Model after 8 iterations ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00