The ANSS event ID is nn00234637 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nn00234637/executive.
2008/02/21 16:20:02 41.205 -114.870 3.8 3.9 Nevada
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2008/02/21 16:20:02:0 41.21 -114.87 3.8 3.9 Nevada Stations used: IW.RRI2 LB.BMN TA.M13A TA.N12A TA.N13A US.DUG US.ELK US.HLID UU.BGU UU.CTU UU.HVU UU.SPU UU.TCU Filtering commands used: hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 8.61e+21 dyne-cm Mw = 3.89 Z = 11 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 225 55 -55 NP2 354 48 -129 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 8.61e+21 4 291 N 0.00e+00 28 23 P -8.61e+21 62 194 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx -7.32e+20 Mxy -3.31e+21 Mxz 3.71e+21 Myy 7.36e+21 Myz 2.97e+20 Mzz -6.63e+21 #######------- ##############-------- ###################--------- ############################## ##################------########## ################----------########## #############-------------########## T ###########---------------########### #########------------------########## ############-------------------########### ##########----------------------########## #########-----------------------########## ########------------------------########## #######---------- -----------######### ######----------- P ----------########## ####------------ ----------######### ###------------------------######### ##------------------------######## -----------------------####### ---------------------####### ----------------###### -----------### Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -6.63e+21 3.71e+21 -2.97e+20 3.71e+21 -7.32e+20 3.31e+21 -2.97e+20 3.31e+21 7.36e+21 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20080221162002/index.html |
STK = 225 DIP = 55 RAKE = -55 MW = 3.89 HS = 11.0
The NDK file is 20080221162002.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT WVFGRD96 0.5 185 40 90 3.44 0.2123 WVFGRD96 1.0 275 70 20 3.40 0.1827 WVFGRD96 2.0 0 45 80 3.60 0.2332 WVFGRD96 3.0 100 35 25 3.66 0.2580 WVFGRD96 4.0 100 30 20 3.69 0.3075 WVFGRD96 5.0 100 35 25 3.71 0.3488 WVFGRD96 6.0 100 40 25 3.73 0.3748 WVFGRD96 7.0 225 60 -60 3.77 0.4110 WVFGRD96 8.0 220 55 -65 3.85 0.4329 WVFGRD96 9.0 225 55 -55 3.87 0.4623 WVFGRD96 10.0 225 55 -55 3.88 0.4759 WVFGRD96 11.0 225 55 -55 3.89 0.4779 WVFGRD96 12.0 225 55 -55 3.90 0.4723 WVFGRD96 13.0 230 60 -50 3.91 0.4613 WVFGRD96 14.0 230 60 -50 3.92 0.4472 WVFGRD96 15.0 230 60 -50 3.93 0.4306 WVFGRD96 16.0 230 60 -45 3.93 0.4124 WVFGRD96 17.0 230 60 -45 3.94 0.3937 WVFGRD96 18.0 230 60 -45 3.94 0.3749 WVFGRD96 19.0 230 60 -45 3.95 0.3570 WVFGRD96 20.0 230 60 -45 3.95 0.3403 WVFGRD96 21.0 230 60 -45 3.96 0.3250 WVFGRD96 22.0 230 60 -45 3.96 0.3102 WVFGRD96 23.0 230 60 -45 3.96 0.2957 WVFGRD96 24.0 230 60 -45 3.97 0.2813 WVFGRD96 25.0 230 60 -45 3.97 0.2673 WVFGRD96 26.0 235 55 -30 3.98 0.2575 WVFGRD96 27.0 235 55 -30 3.98 0.2507 WVFGRD96 28.0 235 60 -30 3.98 0.2445 WVFGRD96 29.0 235 60 -25 3.99 0.2400
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 11.0 225 55 -55 3.89 0.4779
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
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Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample. |
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Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01 Model after 8 iterations ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00