Location

Location ANSS

The ANSS event ID is uu50338750 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/uu50338750/executive.

2007/06/11 01:03:46 37.485 -114.004 4.0 3.93 Utah

Focal Mechanism

 USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
 ENS  2007/06/11 01:03:46:0  37.49 -114.00   4.0 3.9 Utah
 
 Stations used:
   AZ.KNW CI.BC3 CI.CHF CI.CWC CI.FUR CI.GLA CI.GMR CI.GRA 
   CI.GSC CI.MLAC CI.MPM CI.MWC CI.PASC CI.RCT CI.SHO CI.SLA 
   CI.TIN CI.TUQ CI.VES II.PFO IM.NV31 LB.TPH TA.113A TA.HELL 
   TA.L11A TA.L12A TA.L13A TA.M11A TA.M14A TA.M15A TA.N08A 
   TA.N12A TA.N13A TA.N14A TA.O07A TA.O08A TA.O09A TA.O10A 
   TA.O11A TA.O12A TA.O13A TA.P10A TA.P12A TA.P13A TA.P15A 
   TA.P16A TA.Q08A TA.Q12A TA.Q13A TA.Q16A TA.R06C TA.R08A 
   TA.R09A TA.R10A TA.R11A TA.R13A TA.R14A TA.R15A TA.S06C 
   TA.S08C TA.S09A TA.S10A TA.S11A TA.S12A TA.S14A TA.S15A 
   TA.T06C TA.T11A TA.T13A TA.T15A TA.T16A TA.U10A TA.U11A 
   TA.U13A TA.U14A TA.U15A TA.U17A TA.V14A TA.V15A TA.W12A 
   TA.W13A TA.W14A TA.W16A TA.W18A TA.W19A TA.X13A TA.X14A 
   TA.Y13A TA.Y14A TA.Y15A TA.Y16A TA.Y18A TA.Z14A US.DUG 
   US.MVCO US.TPNV UU.BGU UU.CCUT UU.SRU XE.SNP63 XE.SNP75 
 
 Filtering commands used:
   cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
   rtr
   taper w 0.1
   hp c 0.03 n 3 
   lp c 0.06 n 3 
 
 Best Fitting Double Couple
  Mo = 5.13e+21 dyne-cm
  Mw = 3.74 
  Z  = 9 km
  Plane   Strike  Dip  Rake
   NP1      163    85   155
   NP2      255    65     5
  Principal Axes:
   Axis    Value   Plunge  Azimuth
    T   5.13e+21     21     116
    N   0.00e+00     65     333
    P  -5.13e+21     14     212

 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
    Component   Value
       Mxx    -2.63e+21
       Mxy    -3.92e+21
       Mxz     2.81e+20
       Myy     2.29e+21
       Myz     2.16e+21
       Mzz     3.42e+20
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                     #-------------                  
                 #####-----------------              
              #########-------------------           
             ##########--------------------          
           ############----------------------        
          ##############----------------------       
         ###############-----------------------      
        #################---#################---     
        ##############---#######################     
       ###########--------#######################    
       #######-------------######################    
       #####---------------######################    
       ###------------------#####################    
        --------------------####################     
        ---------------------############   ####     
         ---------------------########### T ###      
          --------------------###########   ##       
           --------------------##############        
             ----   ------------###########          
              --- P ------------##########           
                    -------------######              
                     -------------#                  
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
 Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
      R          T          P
  3.42e+20   2.81e+20  -2.16e+21 
  2.81e+20  -2.63e+21   3.92e+21 
 -2.16e+21   3.92e+21   2.29e+21 


Details of the solution is found at

http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20070611010346/index.html
        

Preferred Solution

The preferred solution from an analysis of the surface-wave spectral amplitude radiation pattern, waveform inversion or first motion observations is

      STK = 255
      DIP = 65
     RAKE = 5
       MW = 3.74
       HS = 9.0

The NDK file is 20070611010346.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.

Magnitudes

Given the availability of digital waveforms for determination of the moment tensor, this section documents the added processing leading to mLg, if appropriate to the region, and ML by application of the respective IASPEI formulae. As a research study, the linear distance term of the IASPEI formula for ML is adjusted to remove a linear distance trend in residuals to give a regionally defined ML. The defined ML uses horizontal component recordings, but the same procedure is applied to the vertical components since there may be some interest in vertical component ground motions. Residual plots versus distance may indicate interesting features of ground motion scaling in some distance ranges. A residual plot of the regionalized magnitude is given as a function of distance and azimuth, since data sets may transcend different wave propagation provinces.

ML Magnitude


Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components. Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot. Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.


Left: ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research). Center: ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot. Right: Residuals from new relation as a function of distance and azimuth.

Context

The left panel of the next figure presents the focal mechanism for this earthquake (red) in the context of other nearby events (blue) in the SLU Moment Tensor Catalog. The right panel shows the inferred direction of maximum compressive stress and the type of faulting (green is strike-slip, red is normal, blue is thrust; oblique is shown by a combination of colors). Thus context plot is useful for assessing the appropriateness of the moment tensor of this event.

Waveform Inversion using wvfgrd96

The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
Location of broadband stations used for waveform inversion

The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.

The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:

cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3 
lp c 0.06 n 3 
The results of this grid search are as follow:

           DEPTH  STK   DIP  RAKE   MW    FIT
WVFGRD96    1.0   250    90     0   3.43 0.4608
WVFGRD96    2.0   250    70   -15   3.55 0.5827
WVFGRD96    3.0   250    60   -10   3.61 0.6376
WVFGRD96    4.0   250    60   -10   3.64 0.6796
WVFGRD96    5.0   250    65   -10   3.65 0.7092
WVFGRD96    6.0   255    65     0   3.67 0.7312
WVFGRD96    7.0   255    70     0   3.69 0.7474
WVFGRD96    8.0   255    65     5   3.72 0.7593
WVFGRD96    9.0   255    65     5   3.74 0.7637
WVFGRD96   10.0   255    65     5   3.75 0.7633
WVFGRD96   11.0   255    70     5   3.76 0.7605
WVFGRD96   12.0   255    70     5   3.77 0.7557
WVFGRD96   13.0   255    70     5   3.78 0.7486
WVFGRD96   14.0   255    70     5   3.79 0.7398
WVFGRD96   15.0   255    70     5   3.80 0.7298
WVFGRD96   16.0   255    70     5   3.80 0.7188
WVFGRD96   17.0   255    70     5   3.81 0.7072
WVFGRD96   18.0   255    70     5   3.82 0.6955
WVFGRD96   19.0   255    75     5   3.82 0.6836
WVFGRD96   20.0   255    75    10   3.83 0.6721
WVFGRD96   21.0   255    75    10   3.84 0.6603
WVFGRD96   22.0   255    75    10   3.84 0.6484
WVFGRD96   23.0   255    75    10   3.85 0.6365
WVFGRD96   24.0   255    75    10   3.86 0.6247
WVFGRD96   25.0   255    75    10   3.86 0.6131
WVFGRD96   26.0   255    75    10   3.87 0.6015
WVFGRD96   27.0   255    75     5   3.87 0.5903
WVFGRD96   28.0   255    75     5   3.88 0.5793
WVFGRD96   29.0   255    75     5   3.88 0.5686

The best solution is

WVFGRD96    9.0   255    65     5   3.74 0.7637

The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
Figure 1. Waveform inversion focal mechanism

The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:

Figure 2. Depth sensitivity for waveform mechanism

The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).

The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was

cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3 
lp c 0.06 n 3 
Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample.

Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure.

A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:

Assuming only a mislocation, the time shifts are fit to a functional form:

 Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth

The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:

The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.

Surface-Wave Focal Mechanism

The following figure shows the stations used in the grid search for the best focal mechanism to fit the surface-wave spectral amplitudes of the Love and Rayleigh waves.
Location of broadband stations used to obtain focal mechanism from surface-wave spectral amplitudes

The surface-wave determined focal mechanism is shown here.


  NODAL PLANES 

  
  STK=     157.87
  DIP=      85.47
 RAKE=     154.92
  
             OR
  
  STK=     249.98
  DIP=      65.00
 RAKE=       5.00
 
 
DEPTH = 9.0 km
 
Mw = 3.81
Best Fit 0.8809 - P-T axis plot gives solutions with FIT greater than FIT90

Surface-wave analysis

Surface wave analysis was performed using codes from Computer Programs in Seismology, specifically the multiple filter analysis program do_mft and the surface-wave radiation pattern search program srfgrd96.

Data preparation

Digital data were collected, instrument response removed and traces converted to Z, R an T components. Multiple filter analysis was applied to the Z and T traces to obtain the Rayleigh- and Love-wave spectral amplitudes, respectively. These were input to the search program which examined all depths between 1 and 25 km and all possible mechanisms.
Best mechanism fit as a function of depth. The preferred depth is given above. Lower hemisphere projection

Pressure-tension axis trends. Since the surface-wave spectra search does not distinguish between P and T axes and since there is a 180 ambiguity in strike, all possible P and T axes are plotted. First motion data and waveforms will be used to select the preferred mechanism. The purpose of this plot is to provide an idea of the possible range of solutions. The P and T-axes for all mechanisms with goodness of fit greater than 0.9 FITMAX (above) are plotted here.


Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the Love and Rayleigh wave radiation patterns. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. Because of the symmetry of the spectral amplitude rediation patterns, only strikes from 0-180 degrees are sampled.

Love-wave radiation patterns

Rayleigh-wave radiation patterns