Location

Location ANSS

The ANSS event ID is uu50316580 and the event page is at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/uu50316580/executive.

2006/06/11 10:01:50 40.251 -111.073 14.7 3.41 Utah

Focal Mechanism

USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2006/06/11 10:01:50:0 40.25 -111.07 14.7 3.4 Utah Stations used: TA.M11A TA.M12A TA.M13A TA.N11A TA.N12A TA.N13A TA.P12A US.ISCO UU.BGU UU.CTU UU.TCU Filtering commands used: cut o DIST/3.3 -20 o DIST/3.3 +70 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.04 n 3 lp c 0.07 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 2.24e+21 dyne-cm Mw = 3.50 Z = 14 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 4 65 -95 NP2 195 25 -80 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 2.24e+21 20 97 N 0.00e+00 4 6 P -2.24e+21 69 265 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx 3.10e+19 Mxy -2.80e+20 Mxz -2.65e+19 Myy 1.66e+21 Myz 1.46e+21 Mzz -1.69e+21 #######--##### ######--------######## ######------------########## #####---------------########## ######----------------############ #####-------------------############ #####--------------------############# ######--------------------############## #####---------------------############## #####----------------------############### #####--------- ----------############### #####--------- P ----------######### ### #####--------- ----------######### T ### ####----------------------######### ## #####--------------------############### ####--------------------############## ####------------------############## ####-----------------############# ###---------------############ ###-------------############ ##----------########## #------####### Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -1.69e+21 -2.65e+19 -1.46e+21 -2.65e+19 3.10e+19 2.80e+20 -1.46e+21 2.80e+20 1.66e+21 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20060611100150/index.html

Preferred Solution

The preferred solution from an analysis of the surface-wave spectral amplitude radiation pattern, waveform inversion or first motion observations is

      STK = 195
      DIP = 25
     RAKE = -80
       MW = 3.50
       HS = 14.0

The NDK file is 20060611100150.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.

Context

The left panel of the next figure presents the focal mechanism for this earthquake (red) in the context of other nearby events (blue) in the SLU Moment Tensor Catalog. The right panel shows the inferred direction of maximum compressive stress and the type of faulting (green is strike-slip, red is normal, blue is thrust; oblique is shown by a combination of colors). Thus context plot is useful for assessing the appropriateness of the moment tensor of this event.

Waveform Inversion using wvfgrd96

The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.

Location of broadband stations used for waveform inversion

The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.

The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:

cut o DIST/3.3 -20 o DIST/3.3 +70
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.04 n 3 
lp c 0.07 n 3 
br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2

The results of this grid search are as follow:

           DEPTH  STK   DIP  RAKE   MW    FIT
WVFGRD96    1.0    15    45    95   3.21 0.5143
WVFGRD96    2.0   190    45    90   3.31 0.5963
WVFGRD96    3.0   165    40    55   3.38 0.5139
WVFGRD96    4.0   175    15    75   3.49 0.5424
WVFGRD96    5.0   185    10    90   3.48 0.6112
WVFGRD96    6.0   195    10   100   3.46 0.6448
WVFGRD96    7.0    10    80    80   3.42 0.6576
WVFGRD96    8.0     5    80    90   3.50 0.6644
WVFGRD96    9.0    10    80    80   3.46 0.6650
WVFGRD96   10.0   195    20   -80   3.50 0.6719
WVFGRD96   11.0   200    20   -75   3.49 0.6890
WVFGRD96   12.0   195    25   -80   3.50 0.7033
WVFGRD96   13.0     5    65   -95   3.50 0.7105
WVFGRD96   14.0   195    25   -80   3.50 0.7128
WVFGRD96   15.0     0    65  -100   3.51 0.7122
WVFGRD96   16.0   195    25   -80   3.50 0.7066
WVFGRD96   17.0   200    25   -75   3.50 0.6998
WVFGRD96   18.0   200    25   -75   3.50 0.6911
WVFGRD96   19.0   200    25   -75   3.50 0.6808
WVFGRD96   20.0    25    30   -50   3.55 0.6739
WVFGRD96   21.0    25    30   -50   3.57 0.6668
WVFGRD96   22.0    25    30   -50   3.57 0.6588
WVFGRD96   23.0    25    30   -50   3.58 0.6496
WVFGRD96   24.0    25    30   -50   3.58 0.6399
WVFGRD96   25.0    25    30   -55   3.57 0.6295
WVFGRD96   26.0    35    25   -55   3.55 0.6190
WVFGRD96   27.0    75    25   -30   3.54 0.6105
WVFGRD96   28.0    35    25   -55   3.57 0.5992
WVFGRD96   29.0    35    25   -55   3.58 0.5888

The best solution is

WVFGRD96   14.0   195    25   -80   3.50 0.7128

The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is

Figure 1. Waveform inversion focal mechanism

The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:

Figure 2. Depth sensitivity for waveform mechanism

The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).

The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was

cut o DIST/3.3 -20 o DIST/3.3 +70
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.04 n 3 
lp c 0.07 n 3 
br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2

Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample.

Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure.

A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:

The origin time and epicentral distance are incorrect
The velocity model used for the inversion is incorrect
The velocity model used to define the P-arrival time is not the same as the velocity model used for the waveform inversion (assuming that the initial trace alignment is based on the P arrival time)

Assuming only a mislocation, the time shifts are fit to a functional form:

 Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth

The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:

The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.

Velocity Model

The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows (The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).

MODEL.01
Model after     8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
      H(KM)   VP(KM/S)   VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC)         QP         QS       ETAP       ETAS      FREFP      FREFS
     1.9000     3.4065     2.0089     2.2150  0.302E-02  0.679E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     6.1000     5.5445     3.2953     2.6089  0.349E-02  0.784E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    13.0000     6.2708     3.7396     2.7812  0.212E-02  0.476E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    19.0000     6.4075     3.7680     2.8223  0.111E-02  0.249E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     0.0000     7.9000     4.6200     3.2760  0.164E-10  0.370E-10   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00

Last Changed Fri Apr 12 09:32:39 PM CDT 2024