Location
SLU Location
To check the ANSS location or to compare the observed P-wave first motions to the moment tensor solution, P- and S-wave first arrival times were manually read together with the P-wave first motions. The subsequent output of the program elocate is given in the file elocate.txt. The first motion plot is shown below.
Location ANSS
The ANSS event ID is usp000edwa and the event page is at
https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000edwa/executive.
2006/04/07 08:31:40 47.290 -70.470 0.0 3.7 Quebec, Canada
Focal Mechanism
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2006/04/07 08:31:40:0 47.29 -70.47 0.0 3.7 Quebec, Canada
Stations used:
CN.A11 CN.A16 CN.A21 CN.A54 CN.A64 CN.LMQ
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -15 o DIST/3.3 +15
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.50 n 3
br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 4.95e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.73
Z = 27 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 25 50 90
NP2 205 40 90
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 4.95e+21 85 295
N 0.00e+00 -0 25
P -4.95e+21 5 115
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -8.71e+20
Mxy 1.87e+21
Mxz 3.64e+20
Myy -4.01e+21
Myz -7.80e+20
Mzz 4.88e+21
--------------
------------#########-
------------############----
----------################----
----------###################-----
----------####################------
---------######################-------
---------#######################--------
--------########################--------
---------######### ###########----------
--------########## T ###########----------
--------########## ##########-----------
-------########################-----------
------#######################-----------
------######################-------- -
------####################--------- P
-----##################-----------
----#################-------------
---##############-------------
---###########--------------
-######---------------
--------------
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
4.88e+21 3.64e+20 7.80e+20
3.64e+20 -8.71e+20 -1.87e+21
7.80e+20 -1.87e+21 -4.01e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20060407083140/index.html
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Preferred Solution
The preferred solution from an analysis of the surface-wave spectral amplitude radiation pattern, waveform inversion or first motion observations is
STK = 25
DIP = 50
RAKE = 90
MW = 3.73
HS = 27.0
The NDK file is 20060407083140.ndk
The waveform inversion is preferred.
Moment Tensor Comparison
The following compares this source inversion to those provided by others. The purpose is to look for major differences and also to note slight differences that might be inherent to the processing procedure. For completeness the USGS/SLU solution is repeated from above.
| SLU |
SLUFM |
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2006/04/07 08:31:40:0 47.29 -70.47 0.0 3.7 Quebec, Canada
Stations used:
CN.A11 CN.A16 CN.A21 CN.A54 CN.A64 CN.LMQ
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -15 o DIST/3.3 +15
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.50 n 3
br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 4.95e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.73
Z = 27 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 25 50 90
NP2 205 40 90
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 4.95e+21 85 295
N 0.00e+00 -0 25
P -4.95e+21 5 115
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -8.71e+20
Mxy 1.87e+21
Mxz 3.64e+20
Myy -4.01e+21
Myz -7.80e+20
Mzz 4.88e+21
--------------
------------#########-
------------############----
----------################----
----------###################-----
----------####################------
---------######################-------
---------#######################--------
--------########################--------
---------######### ###########----------
--------########## T ###########----------
--------########## ##########-----------
-------########################-----------
------#######################-----------
------######################-------- -
------####################--------- P
-----##################-----------
----#################-------------
---##############-------------
---###########--------------
-######---------------
--------------
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
4.88e+21 3.64e+20 7.80e+20
3.64e+20 -8.71e+20 -1.87e+21
7.80e+20 -1.87e+21 -4.01e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20060407083140/index.html
|
First motions and takeoff angles from an elocate run.
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Context
The left panel of the next figure presents the focal mechanism for this earthquake (red) in the context of other nearby events (blue) in the SLU Moment Tensor Catalog. The right panel shows the inferred direction of maximum compressive stress and the type of faulting (green is strike-slip, red is normal, blue is thrust; oblique is shown by a combination of colors). Thus context plot is useful for assessing the appropriateness of the moment tensor of this event.
Waveform Inversion using wvfgrd96
The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event (star) and the
stations used for (red) the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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Location of broadband stations used for waveform inversion
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green's functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -15 o DIST/3.3 +15
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.50 n 3
br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
The results of this grid search are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 80 -5 -15 3.29 0.4065
WVFGRD96 2.0 20 60 70 3.31 0.4536
WVFGRD96 3.0 20 65 70 3.33 0.4594
WVFGRD96 4.0 20 65 75 3.39 0.4341
WVFGRD96 5.0 25 65 85 3.46 0.3980
WVFGRD96 6.0 45 30 -50 3.46 0.3707
WVFGRD96 7.0 200 30 75 3.55 0.3355
WVFGRD96 8.0 195 40 65 3.60 0.3591
WVFGRD96 9.0 195 40 65 3.61 0.4097
WVFGRD96 10.0 195 45 65 3.65 0.4387
WVFGRD96 11.0 195 40 65 3.64 0.4335
WVFGRD96 12.0 190 50 55 3.67 0.4156
WVFGRD96 13.0 190 60 60 3.68 0.4139
WVFGRD96 14.0 195 60 65 3.67 0.4108
WVFGRD96 15.0 210 60 75 3.66 0.4078
WVFGRD96 16.0 60 35 -50 3.67 0.3969
WVFGRD96 17.0 50 35 110 3.66 0.4057
WVFGRD96 18.0 25 35 75 3.66 0.4323
WVFGRD96 19.0 25 35 85 3.65 0.4448
WVFGRD96 20.0 35 35 85 3.70 0.4917
WVFGRD96 21.0 205 35 95 3.68 0.4995
WVFGRD96 22.0 20 55 90 3.70 0.5229
WVFGRD96 23.0 40 35 90 3.73 0.5364
WVFGRD96 24.0 30 50 90 3.71 0.5510
WVFGRD96 25.0 200 35 90 3.72 0.5727
WVFGRD96 26.0 45 35 95 3.74 0.5388
WVFGRD96 27.0 25 50 90 3.73 0.5808
WVFGRD96 28.0 30 50 95 3.73 0.5702
WVFGRD96 29.0 25 50 90 3.73 0.5614
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 27.0 25 50 90 3.73 0.5808
The mechanism corresponding to the best fit is
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Figure 1. Waveform inversion focal mechanism
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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Figure 2. Depth sensitivity for waveform mechanism
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted.
Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed, the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect and the epicentral parameters may be be off.
A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -15 o DIST/3.3 +15
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3
lp c 0.50 n 3
br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
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Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated. The time scale is relative to the first trace sample.
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Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the waveforms.
Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure.
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A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
- The origin time and epicentral distance are incorrect
- The velocity model used for the inversion is incorrect
- The velocity model used to define the P-arrival time is not the
same as the velocity model used for the waveform inversion
(assuming that the initial trace alignment is based on the
P arrival time)
Assuming only a mislocation, the time shifts are fit to a functional form:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
Velocity Model
The CUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows
(The format is in the model96 format of Computer Programs in Seismology).
MODEL.01
CUS Model with Q from simple gamma values
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.0000 5.0000 2.8900 2.5000 0.172E-02 0.387E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
9.0000 6.1000 3.5200 2.7300 0.160E-02 0.363E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
10.0000 6.4000 3.7000 2.8200 0.149E-02 0.336E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
20.0000 6.7000 3.8700 2.9020 0.000E-04 0.000E-04 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 8.1500 4.7000 3.3640 0.194E-02 0.431E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Last Changed Fri Apr 12 09:32:34 PM CDT 2024
