Location

Location ANSS

Focal Mechanism

USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2021/07/28 15:28:04:0 31.60 -104.25 7.5 4.3 Texas Stations used: GM.NMP02 GM.NMP25 GM.NMP41 GM.NMP44 GM.NMP45 GS.ALQ1 N4.MSTX SC.121A SC.Y22A TX.ALPN TX.APMT TX.DKNS TX.MB01 TX.MNHN TX.ODSA TX.OZNA TX.PB01 TX.PB05 TX.PB07 TX.PB11 TX.PB17 TX.PB28 TX.PECS TX.POST TX.SAND TX.SGCY TX.SN07 TX.VHRN US.JCT US.MNTX Filtering commands used: cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.08 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 1.30e+22 dyne-cm Mw = 4.01 Z = 8 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 74 47 -105 NP2 275 45 -75 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 1.30e+22 1 174 N 0.00e+00 11 84 P -1.30e+22 79 270 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx 1.29e+22 Mxy -1.26e+21 Mxz -2.08e+20 Myy -3.19e+20 Myz 2.38e+21 Mzz -1.26e+22 ############## ###################### ############################ ############################## ################################## #########---------------############ #####-------------------------######## ####------------------------------###### #-----------------------------------#### #--------------------------------------#-- ---------------- --------------------#-- ---------------- P -------------------###- ---------------- ------------------##### ----------------------------------###### #------------------------------######### ##-------------------------########### #####-----------------############## ################################## ############################## ############################ ########### ######## ####### T #### Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -1.26e+22 -2.08e+20 -2.38e+21 -2.08e+20 1.29e+22 1.26e+21 -2.38e+21 1.26e+21 -3.19e+20 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20210728152804/index.html

Preferred Solution

      STK = 275
      DIP = 45
     RAKE = -75
       MW = 4.01
       HS = 8.0

The NDK file is 20210728152804.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.

Moment Tensor Comparison

The following compares this source inversion to others

SLU

USGSMWR

USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2021/07/28 15:28:04:0 31.60 -104.25 7.5 4.3 Texas Stations used: GM.NMP02 GM.NMP25 GM.NMP41 GM.NMP44 GM.NMP45 GS.ALQ1 N4.MSTX SC.121A SC.Y22A TX.ALPN TX.APMT TX.DKNS TX.MB01 TX.MNHN TX.ODSA TX.OZNA TX.PB01 TX.PB05 TX.PB07 TX.PB11 TX.PB17 TX.PB28 TX.PECS TX.POST TX.SAND TX.SGCY TX.SN07 TX.VHRN US.JCT US.MNTX Filtering commands used: cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.08 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 1.30e+22 dyne-cm Mw = 4.01 Z = 8 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 74 47 -105 NP2 275 45 -75 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 1.30e+22 1 174 N 0.00e+00 11 84 P -1.30e+22 79 270 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx 1.29e+22 Mxy -1.26e+21 Mxz -2.08e+20 Myy -3.19e+20 Myz 2.38e+21 Mzz -1.26e+22 ############## ###################### ############################ ############################## ################################## #########---------------############ #####-------------------------######## ####------------------------------###### #-----------------------------------#### #--------------------------------------#-- ---------------- --------------------#-- ---------------- P -------------------###- ---------------- ------------------##### ----------------------------------###### #------------------------------######### ##-------------------------########### #####-----------------############## ################################## ############################## ############################ ########### ######## ####### T #### Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -1.26e+22 -2.08e+20 -2.38e+21 -2.08e+20 1.29e+22 1.26e+21 -2.38e+21 1.26e+21 -3.19e+20 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20210728152804/index.html

Regional Moment Tensor (Mwr) Moment 1.279e+15 N-m Magnitude 4.00 Mwr Depth 5.0 km Percent DC 89% Half Duration - Catalog US Data Source US 2 Contributor US 2 Nodal Planes Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 277° 46° -72° NP2 73° 47° -107° Principal Axes Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 1.243e+15 N-m 1° 175° N 0.070e+15 N-m 12° 85° P -1.313e+15 N-m 78° 269°

Magnitudes

ML Magnitude

(a) ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components; (b) ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.

(a) ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research); (b) ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.

Context

Waveform Inversion using wvfgrd96

The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.

Location of broadband stations used for waveform inversion

The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.

The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:

cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3 
lp c 0.08 n 3 

           DEPTH  STK   DIP  RAKE   MW    FIT
WVFGRD96    1.0   320    75   -35   3.59 0.2642
WVFGRD96    2.0   295    65   -55   3.76 0.3484
WVFGRD96    3.0   290    60   -60   3.84 0.4345
WVFGRD96    4.0   285    50   -65   3.89 0.4999
WVFGRD96    5.0   275    45   -75   3.93 0.5414
WVFGRD96    6.0   275    45   -75   3.94 0.5464
WVFGRD96    7.0   325    55    55   3.91 0.5363
WVFGRD96    8.0   275    45   -75   4.01 0.5481
WVFGRD96    9.0   320    60    45   3.96 0.5282
WVFGRD96   10.0   315    65    40   3.96 0.5164
WVFGRD96   11.0   310    70    35   3.96 0.5024
WVFGRD96   12.0   310    70    30   3.97 0.4897
WVFGRD96   13.0   310    70    30   3.97 0.4762
WVFGRD96   14.0   310    75    30   3.98 0.4628
WVFGRD96   15.0   310    75    25   3.99 0.4503
WVFGRD96   16.0   310    75    25   3.99 0.4383
WVFGRD96   17.0   310    75    25   4.00 0.4268
WVFGRD96   18.0   310    75    25   4.01 0.4157
WVFGRD96   19.0   310    75    25   4.01 0.4057
WVFGRD96   20.0   310    75    25   4.02 0.3966
WVFGRD96   21.0   310    75    25   4.03 0.3885
WVFGRD96   22.0   310    80    25   4.03 0.3811
WVFGRD96   23.0   310    80    25   4.03 0.3740
WVFGRD96   24.0   310    80    25   4.04 0.3674
WVFGRD96   25.0   310    80    25   4.05 0.3618
WVFGRD96   26.0   310    80    25   4.05 0.3561
WVFGRD96   27.0   310    80    25   4.06 0.3510
WVFGRD96   28.0   310    75    25   4.06 0.3462
WVFGRD96   29.0   310    75    25   4.07 0.3415

The best solution is

WVFGRD96    8.0   275    45   -75   4.01 0.5481

The mechanism correspond to the best fit is

Figure 1. Waveform inversion focal mechanism

The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:

Figure 2. Depth sensitivity for waveform mechanism

The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).

The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was

cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3 
lp c 0.08 n 3 

Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated.

Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure.

A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:

• The origin time and epicentral distance are incorrect
• The velocity model used for the inversion is incorrect
• The velocity model used to define the P-arrival time is not the same as the velocity model used for the waveform inversion (assuming that the initial trace alignment is based on the P arrival time)

 Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth

The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:

The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Thanks also to the many seismic network operators whose dedication make this effort possible: University of Nevada Reno, University of Alaska, University of Washington, Oregon State University, University of Utah, Montana Bureau of Mines, UC Berkely, Caltech, UC San Diego, Saint Louis University, University of Memphis, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, the Oklahoma Geological Survey, TexNet, the Iris stations, the Transportable Array of EarthScope and other networks.

Velocity Model

The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:

MODEL.01
Model after     8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
      H(KM)   VP(KM/S)   VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC)         QP         QS       ETAP       ETAS      FREFP      FREFS
     1.9000     3.4065     2.0089     2.2150  0.302E-02  0.679E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     6.1000     5.5445     3.2953     2.6089  0.349E-02  0.784E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    13.0000     6.2708     3.7396     2.7812  0.212E-02  0.476E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    19.0000     6.4075     3.7680     2.8223  0.111E-02  0.249E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     0.0000     7.9000     4.6200     3.2760  0.164E-10  0.370E-10   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    

Quality Control

Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets

The following stations did not have a valid response files: