Location

Location ANSS

2020/08/11 20:23:17 65.331 -163.040 0.1 3.8 Alaska

Focal Mechanism

 USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
 ENS  2020/08/11 20:23:17:0  65.33 -163.04   0.1 3.8 Alaska
 
 Stations used:
   AK.ANM AK.J17K AK.J19K AK.J20K AK.TNA TA.D19K TA.E19K 
   TA.F15K TA.F17K TA.F19K TA.F20K TA.G16K TA.G18K TA.G19K 
   TA.H17K TA.H18K TA.H19K TA.I17K TA.I20K TA.J14K TA.J16K 
   TA.J18K TA.K15K TA.K17K 
 
 Filtering commands used:
   cut o DIST/3.3 -20 o DIST/3.3 +40
   rtr
   taper w 0.1
   hp c 0.03 n 3 
   lp c 0.08 n 3 
 
 Best Fitting Double Couple
  Mo = 3.05e+21 dyne-cm
  Mw = 3.59 
  Z  = 11 km
  Plane   Strike  Dip  Rake
   NP1      150    80   -15
   NP2      243    75   -170
  Principal Axes:
   Axis    Value   Plunge  Azimuth
    T   3.05e+21      3     197
    N   0.00e+00     72     297
    P  -3.05e+21     18     106

 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
    Component   Value
       Mxx     2.58e+21
       Mxy     1.57e+21
       Mxz     7.23e+19
       Myy    -2.31e+21
       Myz    -9.00e+20
       Mzz    -2.70e+20
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                     ##############                  
                 -#####################              
              ----########################           
             ------########################          
           --------##########################        
          ----------##########################       
         ------------##################--------      
        --------------###########---------------     
        ---------------######-------------------     
       -----------------#------------------------    
       ---------------###------------------------    
       ------------#######-----------------------    
       ---------###########----------------   ---    
        ------##############--------------- P --     
        ----#################--------------   --     
         -####################-----------------      
          ######################--------------       
           ######################------------        
             #####################---------          
              ######################------           
                 ####   ##############-              
                      T ###########                  
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
 Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
      R          T          P
 -2.70e+20   7.23e+19   9.00e+20 
  7.23e+19   2.58e+21  -1.57e+21 
  9.00e+20  -1.57e+21  -2.31e+21 


Details of the solution is found at

http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20200811202317/index.html
        

Preferred Solution

The preferred solution from an analysis of the surface-wave spectral amplitude radiation pattern, waveform inversion and first motion observations is

      STK = 150
      DIP = 80
     RAKE = -15
       MW = 3.59
       HS = 11.0

The NDK file is 20200811202317.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.

Moment Tensor Comparison

The following compares this source inversion to others
SLU
 USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
 ENS  2020/08/11 20:23:17:0  65.33 -163.04   0.1 3.8 Alaska
 
 Stations used:
   AK.ANM AK.J17K AK.J19K AK.J20K AK.TNA TA.D19K TA.E19K 
   TA.F15K TA.F17K TA.F19K TA.F20K TA.G16K TA.G18K TA.G19K 
   TA.H17K TA.H18K TA.H19K TA.I17K TA.I20K TA.J14K TA.J16K 
   TA.J18K TA.K15K TA.K17K 
 
 Filtering commands used:
   cut o DIST/3.3 -20 o DIST/3.3 +40
   rtr
   taper w 0.1
   hp c 0.03 n 3 
   lp c 0.08 n 3 
 
 Best Fitting Double Couple
  Mo = 3.05e+21 dyne-cm
  Mw = 3.59 
  Z  = 11 km
  Plane   Strike  Dip  Rake
   NP1      150    80   -15
   NP2      243    75   -170
  Principal Axes:
   Axis    Value   Plunge  Azimuth
    T   3.05e+21      3     197
    N   0.00e+00     72     297
    P  -3.05e+21     18     106

 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
    Component   Value
       Mxx     2.58e+21
       Mxy     1.57e+21
       Mxz     7.23e+19
       Myy    -2.31e+21
       Myz    -9.00e+20
       Mzz    -2.70e+20
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                     ##############                  
                 -#####################              
              ----########################           
             ------########################          
           --------##########################        
          ----------##########################       
         ------------##################--------      
        --------------###########---------------     
        ---------------######-------------------     
       -----------------#------------------------    
       ---------------###------------------------    
       ------------#######-----------------------    
       ---------###########----------------   ---    
        ------##############--------------- P --     
        ----#################--------------   --     
         -####################-----------------      
          ######################--------------       
           ######################------------        
             #####################---------          
              ######################------           
                 ####   ##############-              
                      T ###########                  
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
 Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
      R          T          P
 -2.70e+20   7.23e+19   9.00e+20 
  7.23e+19   2.58e+21  -1.57e+21 
  9.00e+20  -1.57e+21  -2.31e+21 


Details of the solution is found at

http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20200811202317/index.html
	

Magnitudes

ML Magnitude


(a) ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components; (b) ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.


(a) ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research); (b) ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.

Context

The next figure presents the focal mechanism for this earthquake (red) in the context of other events (blue) in the SLU Moment Tensor Catalog which are within ± 0.5 degrees of the new event. This comparison is shown in the left panel of the figure. The right panel shows the inferred direction of maximum compressive stress and the type of faulting (green is strike-slip, red is normal, blue is thrust; oblique is shown by a combination of colors).

Waveform Inversion using wvfgrd96

The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
Location of broadband stations used for waveform inversion

The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.

The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:

cut o DIST/3.3 -20 o DIST/3.3 +40
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3 
lp c 0.08 n 3 
The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:

           DEPTH  STK   DIP  RAKE   MW    FIT
WVFGRD96    1.0   330    80     0   3.18 0.3799
WVFGRD96    2.0   330    85    -5   3.30 0.4997
WVFGRD96    3.0   150    90    -5   3.35 0.5458
WVFGRD96    4.0   145    70   -30   3.43 0.5713
WVFGRD96    5.0   145    70   -25   3.45 0.5989
WVFGRD96    6.0   145    70   -25   3.47 0.6208
WVFGRD96    7.0   150    80   -20   3.50 0.6413
WVFGRD96    8.0   145    75   -20   3.54 0.6675
WVFGRD96    9.0   145    75   -20   3.56 0.6768
WVFGRD96   10.0   145    75   -20   3.57 0.6808
WVFGRD96   11.0   150    80   -15   3.59 0.6830
WVFGRD96   12.0   150    85   -15   3.61 0.6828
WVFGRD96   13.0   150    85   -15   3.62 0.6806
WVFGRD96   14.0   150    85   -15   3.63 0.6757
WVFGRD96   15.0   150    90   -15   3.64 0.6681
WVFGRD96   16.0   150    90   -15   3.65 0.6593
WVFGRD96   17.0   150    90   -15   3.66 0.6476
WVFGRD96   18.0   150    90   -15   3.67 0.6350
WVFGRD96   19.0   330    85    15   3.68 0.6247
WVFGRD96   20.0   330    85    15   3.68 0.6101
WVFGRD96   21.0   330    85    15   3.69 0.5950
WVFGRD96   22.0   150    85   -10   3.70 0.5785
WVFGRD96   23.0   150    85   -15   3.71 0.5643
WVFGRD96   24.0   150    85   -15   3.71 0.5535
WVFGRD96   25.0   150    85   -15   3.72 0.5423
WVFGRD96   26.0   150    90   -15   3.72 0.5330
WVFGRD96   27.0   150    90   -15   3.73 0.5247
WVFGRD96   28.0   150    90   -15   3.73 0.5171
WVFGRD96   29.0   150    90   -15   3.74 0.5117

The best solution is

WVFGRD96   11.0   150    80   -15   3.59 0.6830

The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
Figure 1. Waveform inversion focal mechanism

The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:

Figure 2. Depth sensitivity for waveform mechanism

The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).

The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was

cut o DIST/3.3 -20 o DIST/3.3 +40
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3 
lp c 0.08 n 3 
Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated.
Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure.

A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:

Assuming only a mislocation, the time shifts are fit to a functional form:

 Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth

The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:

The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Thanks also to the many seismic network operators whose dedication make this effort possible: University of Nevada Reno, University of Alaska, University of Washington, Oregon State University, University of Utah, Montana Bureau of Mines, UC Berkely, Caltech, UC San Diego, Saint Louis University, University of Memphis, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, the Oklahoma Geological Survey, TexNet, the Iris stations, the Transportable Array of EarthScope and other networks.

Velocity Model

The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:

MODEL.01
Model after     8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
      H(KM)   VP(KM/S)   VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC)         QP         QS       ETAP       ETAS      FREFP      FREFS
     1.9000     3.4065     2.0089     2.2150  0.302E-02  0.679E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     6.1000     5.5445     3.2953     2.6089  0.349E-02  0.784E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    13.0000     6.2708     3.7396     2.7812  0.212E-02  0.476E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    19.0000     6.4075     3.7680     2.8223  0.111E-02  0.249E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     0.0000     7.9000     4.6200     3.2760  0.164E-10  0.370E-10   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    

Quality Control

Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets

The following stations did not have a valid response files:

Last Changed Tue Aug 11 16:35:24 CDT 2020