Location

Location ANSS

2019/06/15 06:31:36 66.288 -157.201 7.1 4.5 Alaska

Focal Mechanism

 USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
 ENS  2019/06/15 06:31:36:0  66.29 -157.20   7.1 4.5 Alaska
 
 Stations used:
   AK.ANM AK.BPAW AK.BWN AK.CAST AK.COLD AK.KTH AK.MLY AK.NEA2 
   AK.RDOG TA.B20K TA.B21K TA.C16K TA.C18K TA.C19K TA.D19K 
   TA.D20K TA.D22K TA.D23K TA.E18K TA.E19K TA.E21K TA.E22K 
   TA.E23K TA.E24K TA.F15K TA.F17K TA.F19K TA.F20K TA.F21K 
   TA.F24K TA.G16K TA.G18K TA.G19K TA.G21K TA.G23K TA.G24K 
   TA.H17K TA.H18K TA.H19K TA.H21K TA.H23K TA.H24K TA.I17K 
   TA.I20K TA.I23K TA.J17K TA.J18K TA.J19K TA.J20K TA.K17K 
   TA.K20K TA.TOLK 
 
 Filtering commands used:
   cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
   rtr
   taper w 0.1
   hp c 0.03 n 3 
   lp c 0.08 n 3 
 
 Best Fitting Double Couple
  Mo = 7.08e+22 dyne-cm
  Mw = 4.50 
  Z  = 10 km
  Plane   Strike  Dip  Rake
   NP1      160    75   -35
   NP2      260    56   -162
  Principal Axes:
   Axis    Value   Plunge  Azimuth
    T   7.08e+22     12     214
    N   0.00e+00     52     320
    P  -7.08e+22     35     115

 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
    Component   Value
       Mxx     3.84e+22
       Mxy     4.94e+22
       Mxz     2.08e+21
       Myy    -1.81e+22
       Myz    -3.82e+22
       Mzz    -2.03e+22
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                     ##############                  
                 ----##################              
              -------#####################           
             --------######################          
           ----------########################        
          -----------#########################       
         -------------####------------#########      
        ------------##----------------------####     
        --------#######------------------------#     
       ------##########--------------------------    
       ----#############-------------------------    
       --###############-------------------------    
       -#################------------------------    
        ##################-------------   ------     
        ##################------------- P ------     
         ##################------------   -----      
          ##################------------------       
           ##################----------------        
             ###   ###########-------------          
              ## T #############----------           
                   ##############------              
                     ##############                  
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
 Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
      R          T          P
 -2.03e+22   2.08e+21   3.82e+22 
  2.08e+21   3.84e+22  -4.94e+22 
  3.82e+22  -4.94e+22  -1.81e+22 


Details of the solution is found at

http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20190615063136/index.html
        

Preferred Solution

The preferred solution from an analysis of the surface-wave spectral amplitude radiation pattern, waveform inversion and first motion observations is

      STK = 160
      DIP = 75
     RAKE = -35
       MW = 4.50
       HS = 10.0

The NDK file is 20190615063136.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.

Moment Tensor Comparison

The following compares this source inversion to others
SLU
USGSMWR
 USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
 ENS  2019/06/15 06:31:36:0  66.29 -157.20   7.1 4.5 Alaska
 
 Stations used:
   AK.ANM AK.BPAW AK.BWN AK.CAST AK.COLD AK.KTH AK.MLY AK.NEA2 
   AK.RDOG TA.B20K TA.B21K TA.C16K TA.C18K TA.C19K TA.D19K 
   TA.D20K TA.D22K TA.D23K TA.E18K TA.E19K TA.E21K TA.E22K 
   TA.E23K TA.E24K TA.F15K TA.F17K TA.F19K TA.F20K TA.F21K 
   TA.F24K TA.G16K TA.G18K TA.G19K TA.G21K TA.G23K TA.G24K 
   TA.H17K TA.H18K TA.H19K TA.H21K TA.H23K TA.H24K TA.I17K 
   TA.I20K TA.I23K TA.J17K TA.J18K TA.J19K TA.J20K TA.K17K 
   TA.K20K TA.TOLK 
 
 Filtering commands used:
   cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
   rtr
   taper w 0.1
   hp c 0.03 n 3 
   lp c 0.08 n 3 
 
 Best Fitting Double Couple
  Mo = 7.08e+22 dyne-cm
  Mw = 4.50 
  Z  = 10 km
  Plane   Strike  Dip  Rake
   NP1      160    75   -35
   NP2      260    56   -162
  Principal Axes:
   Axis    Value   Plunge  Azimuth
    T   7.08e+22     12     214
    N   0.00e+00     52     320
    P  -7.08e+22     35     115

 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
    Component   Value
       Mxx     3.84e+22
       Mxy     4.94e+22
       Mxz     2.08e+21
       Myy    -1.81e+22
       Myz    -3.82e+22
       Mzz    -2.03e+22
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                     ##############                  
                 ----##################              
              -------#####################           
             --------######################          
           ----------########################        
          -----------#########################       
         -------------####------------#########      
        ------------##----------------------####     
        --------#######------------------------#     
       ------##########--------------------------    
       ----#############-------------------------    
       --###############-------------------------    
       -#################------------------------    
        ##################-------------   ------     
        ##################------------- P ------     
         ##################------------   -----      
          ##################------------------       
           ##################----------------        
             ###   ###########-------------          
              ## T #############----------           
                   ##############------              
                     ##############                  
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
 Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
      R          T          P
 -2.03e+22   2.08e+21   3.82e+22 
  2.08e+21   3.84e+22  -4.94e+22 
  3.82e+22  -4.94e+22  -1.81e+22 


Details of the solution is found at

http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20190615063136/index.html
	
Regional Moment Tensor (Mwr)
Moment 8.672e+15 N-m
Magnitude 4.56 Mwr
Depth 8.0 km
Percent DC 87%
Half Duration -
Catalog US
Data Source US 2
Contributor US 2

Nodal Planes
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 274 48 -135
NP2 150 58 -52

Principal Axes
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 8.945e+15 N-m 6 214
N -0.575e+15 N-m 32 307
P -8.370e+15 N-m 58 114


        

Magnitudes

mLg Magnitude


(a) mLg computed using the IASPEI formula; (b) mLg residuals ; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated.

ML Magnitude


(a) ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components; (b) ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.


(a) ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research); (b) ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.

Context

The next figure presents the focal mechanism for this earthquake (red) in the context of other events (blue) in the SLU Moment Tensor Catalog which are within ± 0.5 degrees of the new event. This comparison is shown in the left panel of the figure. The right panel shows the inferred direction of maximum compressive stress and the type of faulting (green is strike-slip, red is normal, blue is thrust; oblique is shown by a combination of colors).

Waveform Inversion using wvfgrd96

The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
Location of broadband stations used for waveform inversion

The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.

The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:

cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3 
lp c 0.08 n 3 
The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:

           DEPTH  STK   DIP  RAKE   MW    FIT
WVFGRD96    1.0   355    75   -10   4.09 0.3495
WVFGRD96    2.0   350    65   -10   4.22 0.4562
WVFGRD96    3.0   350    75    20   4.26 0.4913
WVFGRD96    4.0   160    80   -45   4.35 0.5343
WVFGRD96    5.0   160    75   -45   4.38 0.5837
WVFGRD96    6.0   160    75   -40   4.40 0.6235
WVFGRD96    7.0   160    75   -35   4.42 0.6521
WVFGRD96    8.0   155    70   -45   4.48 0.6829
WVFGRD96    9.0   160    75   -40   4.49 0.6943
WVFGRD96   10.0   160    75   -35   4.50 0.6995
WVFGRD96   11.0   160    75   -35   4.51 0.6970
WVFGRD96   12.0   165    80   -30   4.52 0.6921
WVFGRD96   13.0   165    80   -30   4.54 0.6832
WVFGRD96   14.0   165    85   -25   4.54 0.6733
WVFGRD96   15.0   165    85   -25   4.55 0.6610
WVFGRD96   16.0   165    85   -25   4.56 0.6465
WVFGRD96   17.0   350    85    25   4.57 0.6297
WVFGRD96   18.0   165    85   -25   4.58 0.6135
WVFGRD96   19.0   350    85    20   4.59 0.5978
WVFGRD96   20.0   350    85    20   4.59 0.5826
WVFGRD96   21.0   350    85    20   4.60 0.5673
WVFGRD96   22.0   350    85    20   4.61 0.5518
WVFGRD96   23.0   345    90    20   4.61 0.5357
WVFGRD96   24.0   345    85    20   4.61 0.5199
WVFGRD96   25.0   345    80    20   4.61 0.5052
WVFGRD96   26.0   345    80    15   4.62 0.4910
WVFGRD96   27.0   345    80    15   4.62 0.4764
WVFGRD96   28.0   165    75    25   4.62 0.4668
WVFGRD96   29.0   165    75    25   4.62 0.4574

The best solution is

WVFGRD96   10.0   160    75   -35   4.50 0.6995

The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
Figure 1. Waveform inversion focal mechanism

The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:

Figure 2. Depth sensitivity for waveform mechanism

The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).

The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was

cut o DIST/3.3 -40 o DIST/3.3 +50
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.03 n 3 
lp c 0.08 n 3 
Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated.
Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure.

A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:

Assuming only a mislocation, the time shifts are fit to a functional form:

 Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth

The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:

The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Thanks also to the many seismic network operators whose dedication make this effort possible: University of Nevada Reno, University of Alaska, University of Washington, Oregon State University, University of Utah, Montana Bureau of Mines, UC Berkely, Caltech, UC San Diego, Saint Louis University, University of Memphis, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, the Oklahoma Geological Survey, TexNet, the Iris stations, the Transportable Array of EarthScope and other networks.

Velocity Model

The WUS.model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:

MODEL.01
Model after     8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
      H(KM)   VP(KM/S)   VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC)         QP         QS       ETAP       ETAS      FREFP      FREFS
     1.9000     3.4065     2.0089     2.2150  0.302E-02  0.679E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     6.1000     5.5445     3.2953     2.6089  0.349E-02  0.784E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    13.0000     6.2708     3.7396     2.7812  0.212E-02  0.476E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    19.0000     6.4075     3.7680     2.8223  0.111E-02  0.249E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     0.0000     7.9000     4.6200     3.2760  0.164E-10  0.370E-10   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    

Quality Control

Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets

The following stations did not have a valid response files:

Last Changed Sun Jun 16 06:35:56 CDT 2019