Location

2015/01/03 17:44:03 44.504 -114.136 8.2 4.9 Idaho

Arrival Times (from USGS)

Arrival time list

Felt Map

USGS Felt map for this earthquake

USGS Felt reports main page

Focal Mechanism

 USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
 ENS  2015/01/03 17:44:03:0  44.50 -114.14   8.2 4.9 Idaho
 
 Stations used:
   CN.WALA IM.PD31 IW.DLMT IW.FLWY IW.MFID IW.REDW MB.JTMT 
   TA.H17A UO.PINE US.AHID US.BMO US.BOZ US.BW06 US.DUG 
   US.EGMT US.ELK US.HAWA US.HLID US.LKWY US.MSO US.RLMT 
   US.WVOR UU.BGU UU.CTU UU.HVU UU.JLU UU.MPU UU.NLU UU.RDMU 
   UU.SPU UU.TCU UW.BRAN UW.CCRK UW.DAVN UW.DDRF UW.LTY 
   UW.OMAK UW.PHIN UW.TREE UW.TUCA UW.UMAT UW.WOLL WY.YHB 
   WY.YHH WY.YHL WY.YMP WY.YMR WY.YNE WY.YNR WY.YPP WY.YUF 
 
 Filtering commands used:
   cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +70
   rtr
   taper w 0.1
   hp c 0.02 n 3 
   lp c 0.06 n 3 
 
 Best Fitting Double Couple
  Mo = 2.45e+23 dyne-cm
  Mw = 4.86 
  Z  = 13 km
  Plane   Strike  Dip  Rake
   NP1      350    65   -30
   NP2       94    63   -152
  Principal Axes:
   Axis    Value   Plunge  Azimuth
    T   2.45e+23      1      42
    N   0.00e+00     52     134
    P  -2.45e+23     38     311

 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
    Component   Value
       Mxx     6.87e+22
       Mxy     1.97e+23
       Mxz    -7.48e+22
       Myy     2.53e+22
       Myz     9.33e+22
       Mzz    -9.40e+22
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                     -----#########                  
                 ----------############              
              ---------------########### T           
             -----------------##########             
           --------------------##############        
          -------   ------------##############       
         -------- P ------------###############      
        ---------   -------------###############     
        -------------------------###############     
       ---------------------------###############    
       #--------------------------###############    
       ###-------------------------##############    
       ######----------------------############--    
        #########------------------########-----     
        ################-----------#------------     
         ##########################------------      
          #########################-----------       
           ########################----------        
             #####################---------          
              ####################--------           
                 ################------              
                     ###########---                  
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
 Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
      R          T          P
 -9.40e+22  -7.48e+22  -9.33e+22 
 -7.48e+22   6.87e+22  -1.97e+23 
 -9.33e+22  -1.97e+23   2.53e+22 


Details of the solution is found at

http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20150103174403/index.html
        

Preferred Solution

The preferred solution from an analysis of the surface-wave spectral amplitude radiation pattern, waveform inversion and first motion observations is

      STK = 350
      DIP = 65
     RAKE = -30
       MW = 4.86
       HS = 13.0

The NDK file is 20150103174403.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.

Moment Tensor Comparison

The following compares this source inversion to others
SLU
USGSMT
 USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
 ENS  2015/01/03 17:44:03:0  44.50 -114.14   8.2 4.9 Idaho
 
 Stations used:
   CN.WALA IM.PD31 IW.DLMT IW.FLWY IW.MFID IW.REDW MB.JTMT 
   TA.H17A UO.PINE US.AHID US.BMO US.BOZ US.BW06 US.DUG 
   US.EGMT US.ELK US.HAWA US.HLID US.LKWY US.MSO US.RLMT 
   US.WVOR UU.BGU UU.CTU UU.HVU UU.JLU UU.MPU UU.NLU UU.RDMU 
   UU.SPU UU.TCU UW.BRAN UW.CCRK UW.DAVN UW.DDRF UW.LTY 
   UW.OMAK UW.PHIN UW.TREE UW.TUCA UW.UMAT UW.WOLL WY.YHB 
   WY.YHH WY.YHL WY.YMP WY.YMR WY.YNE WY.YNR WY.YPP WY.YUF 
 
 Filtering commands used:
   cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +70
   rtr
   taper w 0.1
   hp c 0.02 n 3 
   lp c 0.06 n 3 
 
 Best Fitting Double Couple
  Mo = 2.45e+23 dyne-cm
  Mw = 4.86 
  Z  = 13 km
  Plane   Strike  Dip  Rake
   NP1      350    65   -30
   NP2       94    63   -152
  Principal Axes:
   Axis    Value   Plunge  Azimuth
    T   2.45e+23      1      42
    N   0.00e+00     52     134
    P  -2.45e+23     38     311

 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
    Component   Value
       Mxx     6.87e+22
       Mxy     1.97e+23
       Mxz    -7.48e+22
       Myy     2.53e+22
       Myz     9.33e+22
       Mzz    -9.40e+22
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
                     -----#########                  
                 ----------############              
              ---------------########### T           
             -----------------##########             
           --------------------##############        
          -------   ------------##############       
         -------- P ------------###############      
        ---------   -------------###############     
        -------------------------###############     
       ---------------------------###############    
       #--------------------------###############    
       ###-------------------------##############    
       ######----------------------############--    
        #########------------------########-----     
        ################-----------#------------     
         ##########################------------      
          #########################-----------       
           ########################----------        
             #####################---------          
              ####################--------           
                 ################------              
                     ###########---                  
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     
 Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
      R          T          P
 -9.40e+22  -7.48e+22  -9.33e+22 
 -7.48e+22   6.87e+22  -1.97e+23 
 -9.33e+22  -1.97e+23   2.53e+22 


Details of the solution is found at

http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20150103174403/index.html
	
Moment 2.56e+16 N-m
Magnitude 4.9
Percent DC 87%
Depth 11.0 km
Updated 2015-01-03 17:57:26 UTC
Author us
Catalog us
Contributor Code us_c000tbfq_mwr
Principal Axes

Axis	Value	Plunge	Azimuth
T	2.636	3	43
N	-0.169	34	134
P	-2.467	56	309
Nodal Planes

Plane	Strike	Dip	Rake
NP1	341	56	-48
NP2	102	52	-135

        

Magnitudes

ML Magnitude


(a) ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components; (b) ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.


(a) ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research); (b) ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.

Context

The next figure presents the focal mechanism for this earthquake (red) in the context of other events (blue) in the SLU Moment Tensor Catalog which are within ± 0.5 degrees of the new event. This comparison is shown in the left panel of the figure. The right panel shows the inferred direction of maximum compressive stress and the type of faulting (green is strike-slip, red is normal, blue is thrust; oblique is shown by a combination of colors).

Waveform Inversion

The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
Location of broadband stations used for waveform inversion

The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.

The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:

cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +70
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.02 n 3 
lp c 0.06 n 3 
The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:

           DEPTH  STK   DIP  RAKE   MW    FIT
WVFGRD96    1.0    -5    65    25   4.55 0.4173
WVFGRD96    2.0     0    60    30   4.65 0.5007
WVFGRD96    3.0   185    60    40   4.70 0.5393
WVFGRD96    4.0     0    70    35   4.71 0.5655
WVFGRD96    5.0     0    75    35   4.72 0.5873
WVFGRD96    6.0     0    75    30   4.73 0.6052
WVFGRD96    7.0   350    65   -30   4.76 0.6302
WVFGRD96    8.0   345    60   -40   4.82 0.6553
WVFGRD96    9.0   345    60   -40   4.83 0.6937
WVFGRD96   10.0   345    60   -40   4.84 0.7182
WVFGRD96   11.0   350    65   -35   4.84 0.7319
WVFGRD96   12.0   350    65   -30   4.85 0.7395
WVFGRD96   13.0   350    65   -30   4.86 0.7417
WVFGRD96   14.0   350    65   -30   4.86 0.7387
WVFGRD96   15.0   350    65   -30   4.87 0.7321
WVFGRD96   16.0   355    70   -25   4.87 0.7252
WVFGRD96   17.0   355    70   -25   4.88 0.7160
WVFGRD96   18.0   355    70   -25   4.89 0.7047
WVFGRD96   19.0   355    70   -20   4.89 0.6921
WVFGRD96   20.0   355    75   -20   4.90 0.6800
WVFGRD96   21.0   355    75   -20   4.90 0.6665
WVFGRD96   22.0   355    75   -20   4.91 0.6526
WVFGRD96   23.0   355    75   -20   4.91 0.6381
WVFGRD96   24.0    -5    75   -20   4.92 0.6234
WVFGRD96   25.0    -5    75   -20   4.92 0.6084
WVFGRD96   26.0    -5    75   -20   4.93 0.5929
WVFGRD96   27.0    -5    75   -20   4.93 0.5771
WVFGRD96   28.0    -5    75   -20   4.94 0.5612
WVFGRD96   29.0    -5    75   -20   4.94 0.5453

The best solution is

WVFGRD96   13.0   350    65   -30   4.86 0.7417

The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
Figure 1. Waveform inversion focal mechanism

The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:

Figure 2. Depth sensitivity for waveform mechanism

The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).

The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was

cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +70
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.02 n 3 
lp c 0.06 n 3 
Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated.
Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure.

A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:

Assuming only a mislocation, the time shifts are fit to a functional form:

 Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth

The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:

The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Thanks also to the many seismic network operators whose dedication make this effort possible: University of Nevada Reno, University of Alaska, University of Washington, Oregon State University, University of Utah, Montana Bureas of Mines, UC Berkely, Caltech, UC San Diego, Saint Louis University, University of Memphis, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, the Iris stations and the Transportable Array of EarthScope.

Velocity Model

The WUS model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:

MODEL.01
Model after     8 iterations
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
      H(KM)   VP(KM/S)   VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC)         QP         QS       ETAP       ETAS      FREFP      FREFS
     1.9000     3.4065     2.0089     2.2150  0.302E-02  0.679E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     6.1000     5.5445     3.2953     2.6089  0.349E-02  0.784E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    13.0000     6.2708     3.7396     2.7812  0.212E-02  0.476E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    19.0000     6.4075     3.7680     2.8223  0.111E-02  0.249E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     0.0000     7.9000     4.6200     3.2760  0.164E-10  0.370E-10   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    

Quality Control

Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets

The following stations did not have a valid response files:

Last Changed Mon Dec 7 00:39:10 CST 2015