2014/09/17 10:06:12 47.572 -123.009 16.5 4.0 Washington
USGS Felt map for this earthquake
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2014/09/17 10:06:12:0 47.57 -123.01 16.5 4.0 Washington Stations used: US.NLWA UW.CCRK UW.LON UW.LTY UW.OMAK UW.STOR Filtering commands used: cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.09 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 4.32e+21 dyne-cm Mw = 3.69 Z = 22 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 235 70 35 NP2 132 57 156 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 4.32e+21 39 97 N 0.00e+00 50 261 P -4.32e+21 8 1 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx -4.19e+21 Mxy -3.89e+20 Mxz -8.60e+20 Myy 2.60e+21 Myz 2.08e+21 Mzz 1.59e+21 ------ P ----- ---------- --------- ---------------------------- ------------------------------ #--------------------------------- ###-----------------------########## ####-------------------############### ######---------------################### ######------------###################### ########--------########################## #########-----################## ####### ###########-#################### T ####### ##########--#################### ####### #######------########################### ######---------######################### ####------------###################### ##----------------################## ---------------------############# -------------------------##### ---------------------------- ---------------------- -------------- Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P 1.59e+21 -8.60e+20 -2.08e+21 -8.60e+20 -4.19e+21 3.89e+20 -2.08e+21 3.89e+20 2.60e+21 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20140917100612/index.html |
STK = 235 DIP = 70 RAKE = 35 MW = 3.69 HS = 22.0
The NDK file is 20140917100612.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
The following compares this source inversion to others
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2014/09/17 10:06:12:0 47.57 -123.01 16.5 4.0 Washington Stations used: US.NLWA UW.CCRK UW.LON UW.LTY UW.OMAK UW.STOR Filtering commands used: cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.09 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 4.32e+21 dyne-cm Mw = 3.69 Z = 22 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 235 70 35 NP2 132 57 156 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 4.32e+21 39 97 N 0.00e+00 50 261 P -4.32e+21 8 1 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx -4.19e+21 Mxy -3.89e+20 Mxz -8.60e+20 Myy 2.60e+21 Myz 2.08e+21 Mzz 1.59e+21 ------ P ----- ---------- --------- ---------------------------- ------------------------------ #--------------------------------- ###-----------------------########## ####-------------------############### ######---------------################### ######------------###################### ########--------########################## #########-----################## ####### ###########-#################### T ####### ##########--#################### ####### #######------########################### ######---------######################### ####------------###################### ##----------------################## ---------------------############# -------------------------##### ---------------------------- ---------------------- -------------- Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P 1.59e+21 -8.60e+20 -2.08e+21 -8.60e+20 -4.19e+21 3.89e+20 -2.08e+21 3.89e+20 2.60e+21 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20140917100612/index.html |
(a) ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components; (b) ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
(a) ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research); (b) ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.09 n 3The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT WVFGRD96 1.0 10 50 -85 3.10 0.1732 WVFGRD96 2.0 185 40 -95 3.26 0.2476 WVFGRD96 3.0 115 50 50 3.33 0.2702 WVFGRD96 4.0 105 60 30 3.32 0.2779 WVFGRD96 5.0 90 65 -20 3.34 0.2963 WVFGRD96 6.0 240 60 25 3.34 0.3223 WVFGRD96 7.0 240 65 30 3.38 0.3569 WVFGRD96 8.0 240 55 25 3.43 0.3882 WVFGRD96 9.0 240 60 25 3.46 0.4182 WVFGRD96 10.0 240 60 25 3.48 0.4452 WVFGRD96 11.0 240 60 30 3.51 0.4695 WVFGRD96 12.0 240 60 30 3.54 0.4911 WVFGRD96 13.0 240 65 30 3.56 0.5107 WVFGRD96 14.0 240 65 35 3.59 0.5284 WVFGRD96 15.0 240 65 35 3.60 0.5439 WVFGRD96 16.0 240 65 35 3.62 0.5568 WVFGRD96 17.0 240 65 35 3.63 0.5673 WVFGRD96 18.0 240 65 40 3.66 0.5757 WVFGRD96 19.0 235 70 35 3.66 0.5829 WVFGRD96 20.0 235 70 35 3.67 0.5878 WVFGRD96 21.0 235 70 35 3.68 0.5911 WVFGRD96 22.0 235 70 35 3.69 0.5924 WVFGRD96 23.0 235 75 45 3.73 0.5920 WVFGRD96 24.0 235 75 45 3.73 0.5896 WVFGRD96 25.0 235 75 45 3.74 0.5858 WVFGRD96 26.0 230 85 45 3.74 0.5810 WVFGRD96 27.0 225 90 45 3.73 0.5757 WVFGRD96 28.0 225 90 45 3.74 0.5705 WVFGRD96 29.0 225 90 45 3.74 0.5644
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 22.0 235 70 35 3.69 0.5924
The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -30 o DIST/3.3 +50 rtr taper w 0.1 hp c 0.03 n 3 lp c 0.09 n 3
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Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
Thanks also to the many seismic network operators whose dedication make this effort possible: University of Nevada Reno, University of Alaska, University of Washington, Oregon State University, University of Utah, Montana Bureas of Mines, UC Berkely, Caltech, UC San Diego, Saint Louis University, University of Memphis, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, the Iris stations and the Transportable Array of EarthScope.
The WUS model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:
MODEL.01 Model after 8 iterations ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.9000 3.4065 2.0089 2.2150 0.302E-02 0.679E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 6.1000 5.5445 3.2953 2.6089 0.349E-02 0.784E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 13.0000 6.2708 3.7396 2.7812 0.212E-02 0.476E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 19.0000 6.4075 3.7680 2.8223 0.111E-02 0.249E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 7.9000 4.6200 3.2760 0.164E-10 0.370E-10 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
The following stations did not have a valid response files: