2011/02/21 16:17:32 35.265 -92.385 6.0 3.40 Arkansas
USGS Felt map for this earthquake
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2011/02/21 16:17:32:0 35.26 -92.39 6.0 3.4 Arkansas Stations used: AG.WHAR NM.X102 NM.X201 TA.U40A TA.V38A TA.V39A TA.W39A TA.W40A TA.X40A Filtering commands used: hp c 0.05 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 9.12e+20 dyne-cm Mw = 3.24 Z = 3 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 227 74 -143 NP2 125 55 -20 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 9.12e+20 12 352 N 0.00e+00 50 247 P -9.12e+20 37 91 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx 8.56e+20 Mxy -1.02e+20 Mxz 1.95e+20 Myy -5.63e+20 Myz -4.64e+20 Mzz -2.93e+20 ### ######## ####### T ############ ########## ############### #############################- ##########################-------- -#######################------------ --#####################--------------- ----#################------------------- -----##############--------------------- -------###########------------------------ --------########----------------- ------ ---------#####------------------- P ------ -----------##-------------------- ------ ----------##---------------------------- ---------#####-------------------------- -------#########---------------------- -----#############------------------ ---###################------------ ############################## ############################ ###################### ############## Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -2.93e+20 1.95e+20 4.64e+20 1.95e+20 8.56e+20 1.02e+20 4.64e+20 1.02e+20 -5.63e+20 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20110221161732/index.html |
STK = 125 DIP = 55 RAKE = -20 MW = 3.24 HS = 3.0
The NDK file is 20110221161732.ndk The waveform inversion is preferred.
The following compares this source inversion to others
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2011/02/21 16:17:32:0 35.26 -92.39 6.0 3.4 Arkansas Stations used: AG.WHAR NM.X102 NM.X201 TA.U40A TA.V38A TA.V39A TA.W39A TA.W40A TA.X40A Filtering commands used: hp c 0.05 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 9.12e+20 dyne-cm Mw = 3.24 Z = 3 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 227 74 -143 NP2 125 55 -20 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 9.12e+20 12 352 N 0.00e+00 50 247 P -9.12e+20 37 91 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx 8.56e+20 Mxy -1.02e+20 Mxz 1.95e+20 Myy -5.63e+20 Myz -4.64e+20 Mzz -2.93e+20 ### ######## ####### T ############ ########## ############### #############################- ##########################-------- -#######################------------ --#####################--------------- ----#################------------------- -----##############--------------------- -------###########------------------------ --------########----------------- ------ ---------#####------------------- P ------ -----------##-------------------- ------ ----------##---------------------------- ---------#####-------------------------- -------#########---------------------- -----#############------------------ ---###################------------ ############################## ############################ ###################### ############## Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -2.93e+20 1.95e+20 4.64e+20 1.95e+20 8.56e+20 1.02e+20 4.64e+20 1.02e+20 -5.63e+20 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.NA/20110221161732/index.html |
(a) mLg computed using the IASPEI formula; (b) mLg residuals ; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated.
(a) ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Horizontal components; (b) ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
(a) ML computed using the IASPEI formula for Vertical components (research); (b) ML residuals computed using a modified IASPEI formula that accounts for path specific attenuation; the values used for the trimmed mean are indicated. The ML relation used for each figure is given at the bottom of each plot.
The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.05 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT WVFGRD96 0.5 305 70 -35 3.05 0.4959 WVFGRD96 1.0 305 65 -30 3.08 0.5079 WVFGRD96 2.0 125 50 -15 3.19 0.5388 WVFGRD96 3.0 125 55 -20 3.24 0.5476 WVFGRD96 4.0 130 65 -15 3.24 0.5393 WVFGRD96 5.0 130 75 -15 3.24 0.5159 WVFGRD96 6.0 130 85 -15 3.24 0.4894 WVFGRD96 7.0 130 90 -15 3.26 0.4643 WVFGRD96 8.0 310 75 15 3.26 0.4506 WVFGRD96 9.0 310 60 15 3.27 0.4420 WVFGRD96 10.0 315 50 15 3.30 0.4391 WVFGRD96 11.0 310 55 15 3.32 0.4350 WVFGRD96 12.0 310 55 15 3.33 0.4291 WVFGRD96 13.0 310 50 15 3.34 0.4234 WVFGRD96 14.0 310 50 15 3.36 0.4183 WVFGRD96 15.0 310 50 15 3.37 0.4128 WVFGRD96 16.0 310 50 15 3.37 0.4076 WVFGRD96 17.0 310 50 15 3.38 0.4037 WVFGRD96 18.0 310 50 15 3.39 0.4001 WVFGRD96 19.0 310 50 15 3.40 0.3967 WVFGRD96 20.0 310 45 20 3.42 0.3940 WVFGRD96 21.0 310 45 20 3.43 0.3896 WVFGRD96 22.0 310 45 20 3.44 0.3860 WVFGRD96 23.0 310 40 25 3.45 0.3829 WVFGRD96 24.0 310 40 25 3.45 0.3796 WVFGRD96 25.0 305 40 25 3.46 0.3769 WVFGRD96 26.0 305 40 25 3.47 0.3742 WVFGRD96 27.0 300 40 25 3.48 0.3720 WVFGRD96 28.0 300 40 25 3.49 0.3696 WVFGRD96 29.0 300 40 25 3.49 0.3673
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 3.0 125 55 -20 3.24 0.5476
The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.05 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 br c 0.12 0.25 n 4 p 2
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Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
Thanks also to the many seismic network operators whose dedication make this effort possible: University of Nevada Reno, University of Alaska, University of Washington, Oregon State University, University of Utah, Montana Bureas of Mines, UC Berkely, Caltech, UC San Diego, Saint Louis University, University of Memphis, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, the Iris stations and the Transportable Array of EarthScope.
The CUS model used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:
MODEL.01 CUS Model with Q from simple gamma values ISOTROPIC KGS FLAT EARTH 1-D CONSTANT VELOCITY LINE08 LINE09 LINE10 LINE11 H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS 1.0000 5.0000 2.8900 2.5000 0.172E-02 0.387E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 9.0000 6.1000 3.5200 2.7300 0.160E-02 0.363E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 10.0000 6.4000 3.7000 2.8200 0.149E-02 0.336E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 20.0000 6.7000 3.8700 2.9020 0.000E-04 0.000E-04 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.0000 8.1500 4.7000 3.3640 0.194E-02 0.431E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
The following stations did not have a valid response files: