2003/01/09 08:33:18 37.46N 124.33E 9 3.86 Korea
SLU Moment Tensor Solution
2003/01/09 08:33:18 37.46N 124.33E 9 3.86 Korea
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 6.92e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.86
Z = 9 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 10 85 -175
NP2 280 85 -5
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 6.92e+21 0 145
N 0.00e+00 83 55
P -6.92e+21 7 235
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 2.45e+21
Mxy -6.43e+21
Mxz 4.80e+20
Myy -2.35e+21
Myz 6.95e+20
Mzz -1.05e+20
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P --------------###################
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Harvard Convention
Moment Tensor:
R T F
-1.05e+20 4.80e+20 -6.95e+20
4.80e+20 2.45e+21 6.43e+21
-6.95e+20 6.43e+21 -2.35e+21
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the station distribution are given in Figure 1.
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STK = 280
DIP = 85
RAKE = -5
MW = 3.86
HS = 9
The waveform inversion is preferred. This solution agrees with the surface-wave solution. This solution is well determined in spite of the lack of complete azimuthal coverage..
The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.03 3 lp c 0.20 3 br c 0.2 0.5 n 4 p 2The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 0.5 285 85 10 3.68 0.5943
WVFGRD96 1.0 285 85 15 3.70 0.6154
WVFGRD96 2.0 285 80 -20 3.74 0.6806
WVFGRD96 3.0 285 80 -20 3.77 0.7308
WVFGRD96 4.0 280 80 -15 3.80 0.7578
WVFGRD96 5.0 280 80 -10 3.81 0.7747
WVFGRD96 6.0 280 85 -10 3.82 0.7858
WVFGRD96 7.0 280 85 -5 3.84 0.7933
WVFGRD96 8.0 280 85 -5 3.85 0.7977
WVFGRD96 9.0 280 85 -5 3.86 0.7993
WVFGRD96 10.0 280 85 -5 3.86 0.7980
WVFGRD96 11.0 280 85 -5 3.87 0.7941
WVFGRD96 12.0 280 85 -5 3.88 0.7882
WVFGRD96 13.0 280 85 -5 3.88 0.7784
WVFGRD96 14.0 280 85 -5 3.89 0.7676
WVFGRD96 15.0 280 80 -5 3.89 0.7612
WVFGRD96 16.0 280 80 -5 3.90 0.7508
WVFGRD96 17.0 280 80 -5 3.91 0.7426
WVFGRD96 18.0 280 80 -5 3.91 0.7339
WVFGRD96 19.0 280 80 -5 3.92 0.7245
WVFGRD96 20.0 280 80 -5 3.92 0.7230
WVFGRD96 21.0 280 80 -5 3.93 0.7241
WVFGRD96 22.0 275 90 10 3.97 0.7308
WVFGRD96 23.0 95 90 -10 3.98 0.7427
WVFGRD96 24.0 95 85 -5 4.00 0.7500
WVFGRD96 25.0 275 90 5 4.00 0.7510
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 9.0 280 85 -5 3.86 0.7993
The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted componnet is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. The number in black at the rightr of each predicted traces it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.03 3 lp c 0.20 3 br c 0.2 0.5 n 4 p 2
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
NODAL PLANES
STK= 174.11
DIP= 85.08
RAKE= 169.96
OR
STK= 264.98
DIP= 80.00
RAKE= 5.00
DEPTH = 4.0 km
Mw = 3.77
Best Fit 0.8662 - P-T axis plot gives solutions with FIT greater than FIT90
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The P-wave first motion data for focal mechanism studies are as follow:
Sta Az(deg) Dist(km) First motion BRD 25 62 eP_- SES 111 203 eP_+ SEO 88 229 eP_X CHC 82 310 eP_X CHJ 100 330 iP_D KWJ 136 350 eP_+ DGY 85 385 eP_X DAG 113 450 eP_+ ULJ 99 459 eP_X BUS 118 494 eP_X
Surface wave analysis was performed using codes from Computer Programs in Seismology, specifically the multiple filter analysis program do_mft and the surface-wave radiation pattern search program srfgrd96.
Digital data were collected, instrument response removed and traces converted
to Z, R an T components. Multiple filter analysis was applied to the Z and T traces to obtain the Rayleigh- and Love-wave spectral amplitudes, respectively.
These were input to the search program which examined all depths between 1 and 25 km
and all possible mechanisms.
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| Pressure-tension axis trends. Since the surface-wave spectra search does not distinguish between P and T axes and since there is a 180 ambiguity in strike, all possible P and T axes are plotted. First motion data and waveforms will be used to select the preferred mechanism. The purpose of this plot is to provide an idea of the possible range of solutions. The P and T-axes for all mechanisms with goodness of fit greater than 0.9 FITMAX (above) are plotted here. |
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to the Love and Rayleigh wave radiation patterns. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. Because of the symmetry of the spectral amplitude rediation patterns, only strikes from 0-180 degrees are sampled. |
The distribution of broadband stations with azimuth and distance is
Sta Az(deg) Dist(km) BRD 31 74 SES 108 211 SEO 87 241 CHC 81 322 CHJ 99 340 KWJ 134 353 DGY 84 397 DAG 112 458 ULJ 98 470 BUS 117 501 SGP 155 505
Since the analysis of the surface-wave radiation patterns uses only spectral amplitudes and because the surfave-wave radiation patterns have a 180 degree symmetry, each surface-wave solution consists of four possible focal mechanisms corresponding to the interchange of the P- and T-axes and a roation of the mechanism by 180 degrees. To select one mechanism, P-wave first motion can be used. This was not possible in this case because all the P-wave first motions were emergent ( a feature of the P-wave wave takeoff angle, the station location and the mechanism). The other way to select among the mechanisms is to compute forward synthetics and compare the observed and predicted waveforms.
The fits to the waveforms with the given mechanism are show below:
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This figure shows the fit to the three components of motion (Z - vertical, R-radial and T - transverse). For each station and component, the observed traces is shown in red and the model predicted trace in blue. The traces represent filtered ground velocity in units of meters/sec (the peak value is printed adjacent to each trace; each pair of traces to plotted to the same scale to emphasize the difference in levels). Both synthetic and observed traces have been filtered using the SAC commands:
hp c 0.03 3 lp c 0.20 3 br c 0.2 0.5 n 4 p 2
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The figures below show the observed spectral amplitudes (units of cm-sec) at each station and the
theoretical predictions as a function of period for the mechanism given above. The modified Utah model earth model
was used to define the Green's functions. For each station, the Love and Rayleigh wave spectrail amplitudes are plotted with the same scaling so that one can get a sense fo the effects of the effects of the focal mechanism and depth on the excitation of each.
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Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
