Location
2016/10/30 06:40:17 42.84 13.11 9.4 6.5 Perugia
Arrival Times (from USGS)
Arrival time list
Felt Map
USGS Felt map for this earthquake
USGS Felt reports page for
Focal Mechanism
SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2016/10/30 06:40:17:4 42.84 13.11 9.4 6.5 Perugia
Stations used:
IV.ARCI IV.ASQU IV.CASP IV.CERT IV.CSNT IV.OSSC IV.PIGN
IV.PTQR IV.RMP IV.SACS IV.SGRT MN.AQU
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -20 o DIST/3.3 +70
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.01 n 3
lp c 0.03 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 3.94e+25 dyne-cm
Mw = 6.33
Z = 2 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 150 55 -90
NP2 330 35 -90
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 3.94e+25 10 240
N 0.00e+00 -0 330
P -3.94e+25 80 60
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 9.25e+24
Mxy 1.60e+25
Mxz -6.73e+24
Myy 2.77e+25
Myz -1.17e+25
Mzz -3.70e+25
##############
---------#############
###--------------###########
###------------------#########
#####--------------------#########
######---------------------#########
#######-----------------------########
########------------------------########
#########------------------------#######
##########----------- -----------#######
###########---------- P -----------#######
############--------- ------------######
############------------------------######
############-----------------------#####
##############---------------------#####
# ##########--------------------####
T ############-----------------####
#############----------------###
################------------##
#################---------##
###################---
##############
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-3.70e+25 -6.73e+24 1.17e+25
-6.73e+24 9.25e+24 -1.60e+25
1.17e+25 -1.60e+25 2.77e+25
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20161030064017/index.html
|
Preferred Solution
The preferred solution from an analysis of the surface-wave spectral amplitude radiation pattern, waveform inversion and first motion observations is
STK = 150
DIP = 55
RAKE = -90
MW = 6.33
HS = 2.0
The NDK file is 20161030064017.ndk
The waveform inversion is preferred.
Moment Tensor Comparison
The following compares this source inversion to others
| SLU |
USGSMT |
GCMT |
SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2016/10/30 06:40:17:4 42.84 13.11 9.4 6.5 Perugia
Stations used:
IV.ARCI IV.ASQU IV.CASP IV.CERT IV.CSNT IV.OSSC IV.PIGN
IV.PTQR IV.RMP IV.SACS IV.SGRT MN.AQU
Filtering commands used:
cut o DIST/3.3 -20 o DIST/3.3 +70
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.01 n 3
lp c 0.03 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 3.94e+25 dyne-cm
Mw = 6.33
Z = 2 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 150 55 -90
NP2 330 35 -90
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 3.94e+25 10 240
N 0.00e+00 -0 330
P -3.94e+25 80 60
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 9.25e+24
Mxy 1.60e+25
Mxz -6.73e+24
Myy 2.77e+25
Myz -1.17e+25
Mzz -3.70e+25
##############
---------#############
###--------------###########
###------------------#########
#####--------------------#########
######---------------------#########
#######-----------------------########
########------------------------########
#########------------------------#######
##########----------- -----------#######
###########---------- P -----------#######
############--------- ------------######
############------------------------######
############-----------------------#####
##############---------------------#####
# ##########--------------------####
T ############-----------------####
#############----------------###
################------------##
#################---------##
###################---
##############
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-3.70e+25 -6.73e+24 1.17e+25
-6.73e+24 9.25e+24 -1.60e+25
1.17e+25 -1.60e+25 2.77e+25
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20161030064017/index.html
|
W-phase Moment Tensor (Mww)
Moment 1.071e+19 N-m
Magnitude 6.6 Mww
Depth 15.5 km
Percent DC 82 %
Half Duration 7.2 s
Catalog US
Data Source US2
Contributor US2
Nodal Planes
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 162 27 -84
NP2 335 63 -93
Principal Axes
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 1.015e+19 N-m 18 67
N 0.103e+19 N-m 3 336
P -1.118e+19 N-m 72 238
|
October 30, 2016, CENTRAL ITALY, MW=6.6
Howard Koss
CENTROID-MOMENT-TENSOR SOLUTION
GCMT EVENT: C201610300640A
DATA: II LD IU G DK GE KP MN
L.P.BODY WAVES: 86S, 205C, T= 50
MANTLE WAVES: 78S, 164C, T=125
SURFACE WAVES: 94S, 256C, T= 50
TIMESTAMP: Q-20161030074456
CENTROID LOCATION:
ORIGIN TIME: 06:40:24.5 0.1
LAT:42.76N 0.00;LON: 13.15E 0.00
DEP: 12.0 FIX;TRIANG HDUR: 4.9
MOMENT TENSOR: SCALE 10**26 D-CM
RR=-1.020 0.004; TT= 0.203 0.005
PP= 0.815 0.004; RT=-0.040 0.014
RP=-0.306 0.014; TP=-0.325 0.004
PRINCIPAL AXES:
1.(T) VAL= 0.991;PLG= 8;AZM= 68
2.(N) 0.084; 8; 159
3.(P) -1.076; 79; 293
BEST DBLE.COUPLE:M0= 1.03*10**26
NP1: STRIKE=149;DIP=38;SLIP=-102
NP2: STRIKE=345;DIP=53;SLIP= -81
--#########
#--------##########
##-----------##########
###--------------##########
###----------------########
####-----------------####### T
####------------------######
#####-------- -------##########
#####-------- P --------#########
######------- --------#########
######------------------#########
######------------------#######
#######----------------########
########--------------#######
#########------------######
#########---------#####
###########----####
##########-
|
Waveform Inversion
The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the
and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
|
|
Location of broadband stations used for waveform inversion
|
The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut o DIST/3.3 -20 o DIST/3.3 +70
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.01 n 3
lp c 0.03 n 3
The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 335 40 -85 6.29 0.6037
WVFGRD96 2.0 150 55 -90 6.33 0.6296
WVFGRD96 3.0 150 45 -90 6.35 0.6293
WVFGRD96 4.0 150 45 -90 6.36 0.5975
WVFGRD96 5.0 155 45 -90 6.39 0.6165
WVFGRD96 6.0 155 35 -90 6.41 0.5671
WVFGRD96 7.0 155 30 -90 6.40 0.5053
WVFGRD96 8.0 340 35 -65 6.32 0.4924
WVFGRD96 9.0 340 35 -60 6.31 0.4889
WVFGRD96 10.0 340 35 -60 6.31 0.4963
WVFGRD96 11.0 345 40 -55 6.30 0.5049
WVFGRD96 12.0 345 40 -55 6.30 0.5119
WVFGRD96 13.0 345 40 -55 6.30 0.5183
WVFGRD96 14.0 345 40 -55 6.30 0.5202
WVFGRD96 15.0 340 35 -60 6.33 0.5340
WVFGRD96 16.0 345 40 -55 6.32 0.5383
WVFGRD96 17.0 345 40 -55 6.33 0.5408
WVFGRD96 18.0 345 40 -55 6.33 0.5444
WVFGRD96 19.0 145 70 -80 6.40 0.5525
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 2.0 150 55 -90 6.33 0.6296
The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
|
|
Figure 1. Waveform inversion focal mechanism
|
The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
|
|
Figure 2. Depth sensitivity for waveform mechanism
|
The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted.
Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect.
A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut o DIST/3.3 -20 o DIST/3.3 +70
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.01 n 3
lp c 0.03 n 3
|
|
Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth. Red: observed; Blue - predicted. The time shift with respect to the model prediction is indicated. The percent of fit is also indicated.
|
|
|
Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms.
Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure.
|
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
- The origin time and epicentral distance are incorrect
- The velocity model used for the inversion is incorrect
- The velocity model used to define the P-arrival time is not the
same as the velocity model used for the waveform inversion
(assuming that the initial trace alignment is based on the
P arrival time)
Assuming only a mislocation, the time shifts are fit to a functional form:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
Discussion
Velocity Model
The nnCIA used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:
MODEL.01
C.It. A. Di Luzio et al Earth Plan Lettrs 280 (2009) 1-12 Fig 5. 7-8 MODEL/SURF3
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.5000 3.7497 2.1436 2.2753 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 4.9399 2.8210 2.4858 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 6.0129 3.4336 2.7058 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
7.0000 5.5516 3.1475 2.6093 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
15.0000 5.8805 3.3583 2.6770 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.0000 7.1059 4.0081 3.0002 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
8.0000 7.1000 3.9864 3.0120 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.4036 3.2760 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Quality Control
Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
The following stations did not have a valid response files:
DATE=Mon Oct 31 08:14:06 CDT 2016
Last Changed 2016/10/30