Location
2013/08/24 13:59:01 46.219 12.496 9.2 3.6 Italy
Arrival Times (from USGS)
Arrival time list
Felt Map
USGS Felt map for this earthquake
USGS Felt reports page for
Focal Mechanism
SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2013/08/24 13:59:01:0 46.22 12.50 9.2 3.6 Italy
Stations used:
IV.BRMO IV.FVI IV.MABI IV.PTCC IV.ROVR IV.STAL MN.TRI
OE.ABTA OE.FETA OE.KBA OE.MYKA OE.OBKA OE.RETA OE.WTTA
SL.CADS SL.CEY SL.CRNS SL.GORS SL.JAVS SL.KNDS SL.LJU
SL.MOZS SL.ROBS SL.SKDS SL.VISS SL.VNDS
Filtering commands used:
cut a -10 a 60
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 1.12e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.30
Z = 9 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 55 70 85
NP2 249 21 103
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 1.12e+21 65 317
N 0.00e+00 5 57
P -1.12e+21 25 149
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -5.68e+20
Mxy 3.06e+20
Mxz 6.82e+20
Myy -1.50e+20
Myz -5.19e+20
Mzz 7.18e+20
--------------
----------------------
--------###############-----
-----#######################--
-----###########################--
----##############################-#
---###############################----
---########### #################------
--############ T ################-------
--############# ##############----------
--############################------------
-###########################--------------
-#########################----------------
######################------------------
###################---------------------
###############-----------------------
##########--------------------------
------------------------ -------
---------------------- P -----
--------------------- ----
----------------------
--------------
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
7.18e+20 6.82e+20 5.19e+20
6.82e+20 -5.68e+20 -3.06e+20
5.19e+20 -3.06e+20 -1.50e+20
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20130824135901/index.html
|
Preferred Solution
The preferred solution from an analysis of the surface-wave spectral amplitude radiation pattern, waveform inversion and first motion observations is
STK = 55
DIP = 70
RAKE = 85
MW = 3.30
HS = 9.0
The NDK file is 20130824135901.ndk
The waveform inversion is preferred.
Moment Tensor Comparison
The following compares this source inversion to others
| SLU |
INGVTDMT |
SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2013/08/24 13:59:01:0 46.22 12.50 9.2 3.6 Italy
Stations used:
IV.BRMO IV.FVI IV.MABI IV.PTCC IV.ROVR IV.STAL MN.TRI
OE.ABTA OE.FETA OE.KBA OE.MYKA OE.OBKA OE.RETA OE.WTTA
SL.CADS SL.CEY SL.CRNS SL.GORS SL.JAVS SL.KNDS SL.LJU
SL.MOZS SL.ROBS SL.SKDS SL.VISS SL.VNDS
Filtering commands used:
cut a -10 a 60
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 1.12e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.30
Z = 9 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 55 70 85
NP2 249 21 103
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 1.12e+21 65 317
N 0.00e+00 5 57
P -1.12e+21 25 149
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -5.68e+20
Mxy 3.06e+20
Mxz 6.82e+20
Myy -1.50e+20
Myz -5.19e+20
Mzz 7.18e+20
--------------
----------------------
--------###############-----
-----#######################--
-----###########################--
----##############################-#
---###############################----
---########### #################------
--############ T ################-------
--############# ##############----------
--############################------------
-###########################--------------
-#########################----------------
######################------------------
###################---------------------
###############-----------------------
##########--------------------------
------------------------ -------
---------------------- P -----
--------------------- ----
----------------------
--------------
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
7.18e+20 6.82e+20 5.19e+20
6.82e+20 -5.68e+20 -3.06e+20
5.19e+20 -3.06e+20 -1.50e+20
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20130824135901/index.html
|
|
Waveform Inversion
The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the
and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
|
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Location of broadband stations used for waveform inversion
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
cut a -10 a 60
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 225 40 90 3.11 0.4282
WVFGRD96 2.0 170 30 45 3.18 0.3771
WVFGRD96 3.0 235 15 95 3.22 0.4035
WVFGRD96 4.0 50 75 85 3.20 0.4546
WVFGRD96 5.0 55 75 90 3.32 0.5131
WVFGRD96 6.0 55 75 85 3.32 0.5581
WVFGRD96 7.0 240 15 95 3.33 0.5870
WVFGRD96 8.0 55 70 85 3.29 0.5988
WVFGRD96 9.0 55 70 85 3.30 0.6041
WVFGRD96 10.0 55 70 85 3.30 0.6037
WVFGRD96 11.0 55 70 85 3.31 0.5976
WVFGRD96 12.0 60 75 95 3.33 0.5880
WVFGRD96 13.0 230 15 80 3.33 0.5769
WVFGRD96 14.0 60 75 95 3.34 0.5628
WVFGRD96 15.0 230 15 80 3.39 0.5486
WVFGRD96 16.0 235 15 85 3.39 0.5292
WVFGRD96 17.0 225 15 75 3.40 0.5092
WVFGRD96 18.0 215 15 65 3.41 0.4881
WVFGRD96 19.0 210 15 60 3.42 0.4665
WVFGRD96 20.0 205 15 55 3.43 0.4447
WVFGRD96 21.0 200 15 50 3.44 0.4230
WVFGRD96 22.0 200 15 50 3.44 0.4016
WVFGRD96 23.0 195 15 45 3.45 0.3802
WVFGRD96 24.0 195 15 45 3.45 0.3594
WVFGRD96 25.0 190 15 40 3.46 0.3394
WVFGRD96 26.0 210 10 55 3.47 0.3210
WVFGRD96 27.0 190 10 40 3.46 0.3045
WVFGRD96 28.0 185 10 35 3.46 0.2907
WVFGRD96 29.0 135 25 -15 3.48 0.2804
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 9.0 55 70 85 3.30 0.6041
The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
|
|
Figure 1. Waveform inversion focal mechanism
|
The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
|
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Figure 2. Depth sensitivity for waveform mechanism
|
The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted.
Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect.
A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
cut a -10 a 60
rtr
taper w 0.1
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
|
|
Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth
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|
|
Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms.
Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure.
|
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
- The origin time and epicentral distance are incorrect
- The velocity model used for the inversion is incorrect
- The velocity model used to define the P-arrival time is not the
same as the velocity model used for the waveform inversion
(assuming that the initial trace alignment is based on the
P arrival time)
Assuming only a mislocation, the time shifts are fit to a functional form:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
Discussion
Velocity Model
The nnCIA used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:
MODEL.01
C.It. A. Di Luzio et al Earth Plan Lettrs 280 (2009) 1-12 Fig 5. 7-8 MODEL/SURF3
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.5000 3.7497 2.1436 2.2753 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 4.9399 2.8210 2.4858 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 6.0129 3.4336 2.7058 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
7.0000 5.5516 3.1475 2.6093 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
15.0000 5.8805 3.3583 2.6770 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.0000 7.1059 4.0081 3.0002 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
8.0000 7.1000 3.9864 3.0120 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.4036 3.2760 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Quality Control
Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
The following stations did not have a valid response files:
DATE=Sat Aug 24 18:30:09 CDT 2013
Last Changed 2013/08/24
