Location

2012/10/30 01:52:30 42.397 13.281 13.0 3.6 Italy

Arrival Times (from USGS)

Felt Map

Focal Mechanism

SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2012/10/30 01:52:30:0 42.40 13.28 13.0 3.6 Italy Stations used: IV.ARCI IV.ARVD IV.CAMP IV.CERT IV.CESX IV.FAGN IV.FDMO IV.GUMA IV.LATE IV.LAV9 IV.LPEL IV.MA9 IV.MAON IV.MGAB IV.MTCE IV.NRCA IV.OFFI IV.PESA IV.PTQR IV.RDP IV.SACS IV.SNTG IV.SSFR IV.TERO IV.TOLF IV.TRTR MN.AQU Filtering commands used: hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 9.44e+20 dyne-cm Mw = 3.25 Z = 9 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 113 51 -124 NP2 340 50 -55 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 9.44e+20 1 226 N 0.00e+00 26 136 P -9.44e+20 64 317 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx 3.56e+20 Mxy 5.63e+20 Mxz -2.81e+20 Myy 4.06e+20 Myz 2.45e+20 Mzz -7.62e+20 ############## ---------############# ---------------############# ------------------############ ----------------------############ ------------------------############ --------------------------############ #------------- -----------############ ##------------ P ------------########### ####----------- -------------########### #####--------------------------########### ######--------------------------########## ########------------------------########## #########----------------------######### ###########--------------------######### ##############----------------######## ##################-----------####--- # ########################------ T #######################----- ######################----- ###################--- ############## Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -7.62e+20 -2.81e+20 -2.45e+20 -2.81e+20 3.56e+20 -5.63e+20 -2.45e+20 -5.63e+20 4.06e+20 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20121030015230/index.html

Preferred Solution

The preferred solution from an analysis of the surface-wave spectral amplitude radiation pattern, waveform inversion and first motion observations is

      STK = 340
      DIP = 50
     RAKE = -55
       MW = 3.25
       HS = 9.0

The waveform inversion is preferred.

Moment Tensor Comparison

The following compares this source inversion to others

SLU

SLU Moment Tensor Solution ENS 2012/10/30 01:52:30:0 42.40 13.28 13.0 3.6 Italy Stations used: IV.ARCI IV.ARVD IV.CAMP IV.CERT IV.CESX IV.FAGN IV.FDMO IV.GUMA IV.LATE IV.LAV9 IV.LPEL IV.MA9 IV.MAON IV.MGAB IV.MTCE IV.NRCA IV.OFFI IV.PESA IV.PTQR IV.RDP IV.SACS IV.SNTG IV.SSFR IV.TERO IV.TOLF IV.TRTR MN.AQU Filtering commands used: hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3 Best Fitting Double Couple Mo = 9.44e+20 dyne-cm Mw = 3.25 Z = 9 km Plane Strike Dip Rake NP1 113 51 -124 NP2 340 50 -55 Principal Axes: Axis Value Plunge Azimuth T 9.44e+20 1 226 N 0.00e+00 26 136 P -9.44e+20 64 317 Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm) Component Value Mxx 3.56e+20 Mxy 5.63e+20 Mxz -2.81e+20 Myy 4.06e+20 Myz 2.45e+20 Mzz -7.62e+20 ############## ---------############# ---------------############# ------------------############ ----------------------############ ------------------------############ --------------------------############ #------------- -----------############ ##------------ P ------------########### ####----------- -------------########### #####--------------------------########### ######--------------------------########## ########------------------------########## #########----------------------######### ###########--------------------######### ##############----------------######## ##################-----------####--- # ########################------ T #######################----- ######################----- ###################--- ############## Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor: R T P -7.62e+20 -2.81e+20 -2.45e+20 -2.81e+20 3.56e+20 -5.63e+20 -2.45e+20 -5.63e+20 4.06e+20 Details of the solution is found at http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20121030015230/index.html

Waveform Inversion

The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.

Location of broadband stations used for waveform inversion

The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.

The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:

hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3

The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:

           DEPTH  STK   DIP  RAKE   MW    FIT
WVFGRD96    1.0   140    55   -85   3.03 0.2067
WVFGRD96    2.0   345    40   -35   3.09 0.2216
WVFGRD96    3.0   350    45   -25   3.10 0.2363
WVFGRD96    4.0    -5    35   -15   3.09 0.2595
WVFGRD96    5.0   355    35   -20   3.18 0.2825
WVFGRD96    6.0   330    45   -70   3.27 0.3237
WVFGRD96    7.0   335    50   -65   3.27 0.3714
WVFGRD96    8.0   340    50   -55   3.25 0.3904
WVFGRD96    9.0   340    50   -55   3.25 0.3955
WVFGRD96   10.0   345    50   -50   3.26 0.3930
WVFGRD96   11.0   345    50   -50   3.26 0.3850
WVFGRD96   12.0   350    55   -40   3.28 0.3745
WVFGRD96   13.0   350    55   -40   3.28 0.3600
WVFGRD96   14.0   350    55   -35   3.29 0.3441
WVFGRD96   15.0   350    55   -35   3.32 0.3330
WVFGRD96   16.0   350    55   -30   3.33 0.3184
WVFGRD96   17.0   345    55   -30   3.34 0.3049
WVFGRD96   18.0   345    55   -25   3.34 0.2909
WVFGRD96   19.0   345    55   -30   3.35 0.2777
WVFGRD96   20.0   345    55   -25   3.36 0.2653
WVFGRD96   21.0   345    50   -25   3.36 0.2544
WVFGRD96   22.0   345    50   -25   3.36 0.2446
WVFGRD96   23.0   345    50   -25   3.37 0.2359
WVFGRD96   24.0   345    50   -25   3.38 0.2281
WVFGRD96   25.0   345    55   -25   3.39 0.2228
WVFGRD96   26.0   340    40   -45   3.38 0.2186
WVFGRD96   27.0   340    40   -45   3.39 0.2184
WVFGRD96   28.0   340    40   -45   3.40 0.2158
WVFGRD96   29.0   345    45   -35   3.41 0.2118

The best solution is

WVFGRD96    9.0   340    50   -55   3.25 0.3955

The mechanism correspond to the best fit is

Figure 1. Waveform inversion focal mechanism

The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:

Figure 2. Depth sensitivity for waveform mechanism

The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).

The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was

hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3

Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth

Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure.

A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:

The origin time and epicentral distance are incorrect
The velocity model used for the inversion is incorrect
The velocity model used to define the P-arrival time is not the same as the velocity model used for the waveform inversion (assuming that the initial trace alignment is based on the P arrival time)

Assuming only a mislocation, the time shifts are fit to a functional form:

 Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth

The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:

The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.

Discussion

Velocity Model

The nnCIA used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:

MODEL.01
C.It. A. Di Luzio et al Earth Plan Lettrs 280 (2009) 1-12 Fig 5. 7-8 MODEL/SURF3
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
      H(KM)   VP(KM/S)   VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC)         QP         QS       ETAP       ETAS      FREFP      FREFS
     1.5000     3.7497     2.1436     2.2753  0.500E-02  0.100E-01   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     3.0000     4.9399     2.8210     2.4858  0.500E-02  0.100E-01   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     3.0000     6.0129     3.4336     2.7058  0.500E-02  0.100E-01   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     7.0000     5.5516     3.1475     2.6093  0.167E-02  0.333E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
    15.0000     5.8805     3.3583     2.6770  0.167E-02  0.333E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     6.0000     7.1059     4.0081     3.0002  0.167E-02  0.333E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     8.0000     7.1000     3.9864     3.0120  0.167E-02  0.333E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00    
     0.0000     7.9000     4.4036     3.2760  0.167E-02  0.333E-02   0.00       0.00       1.00       1.00

Quality Control

Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets

The following stations did not have a valid response files:

DATE=Mon Dec 17 16:03:44 CST 2012

Last Changed 2012/10/30