2011/10/20 06:16:44 44.495 9.411 9.6 3.4 Italy
USGS Felt map for this earthquake
SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2011/10/20 06:16:44:0 44.49 9.41 9.6 3.4 Italy
Stations used:
GU.PCP IV.CSNT IV.PLMA IV.QLNO MN.VLC
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 1.20e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.32
Z = 7 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 124 54 -110
NP2 335 40 -65
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 1.20e+21 7 227
N 0.00e+00 16 135
P -1.20e+21 72 342
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 4.42e+20
Mxy 6.21e+20
Mxz -4.33e+20
Myy 6.31e+20
Myz -6.99e+18
Mzz -1.07e+21
##############
----------############
----------------############
--------------------##########
------------------------##########
#-------------------------##########
##---------------------------#########
####------------- -----------#########
####------------- P ------------########
######------------ ------------#########
#######---------------------------########
#########-------------------------########
##########-------------------------#######
###########-----------------------######
##############--------------------######
###############-----------------######
##################-------------#####
## #################--------###-
T ########################---
#######################---
#####################-
##############
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-1.07e+21 -4.33e+20 6.99e+18
-4.33e+20 4.42e+20 -6.21e+20
6.99e+18 -6.21e+20 6.31e+20
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20111020061644/index.html
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STK = 335
DIP = 40
RAKE = -65
MW = 3.32
HS = 7.0
The waveform inversion is preferred.
The following compares this source inversion to others
SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2011/10/20 06:16:44:0 44.49 9.41 9.6 3.4 Italy
Stations used:
GU.PCP IV.CSNT IV.PLMA IV.QLNO MN.VLC
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 1.20e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.32
Z = 7 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 124 54 -110
NP2 335 40 -65
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 1.20e+21 7 227
N 0.00e+00 16 135
P -1.20e+21 72 342
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 4.42e+20
Mxy 6.21e+20
Mxz -4.33e+20
Myy 6.31e+20
Myz -6.99e+18
Mzz -1.07e+21
##############
----------############
----------------############
--------------------##########
------------------------##########
#-------------------------##########
##---------------------------#########
####------------- -----------#########
####------------- P ------------########
######------------ ------------#########
#######---------------------------########
#########-------------------------########
##########-------------------------#######
###########-----------------------######
##############--------------------######
###############-----------------######
##################-------------#####
## #################--------###-
T ########################---
#######################---
#####################-
##############
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-1.07e+21 -4.33e+20 6.99e+18
-4.33e+20 4.42e+20 -6.21e+20
6.99e+18 -6.21e+20 6.31e+20
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20111020061644/index.html
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 165 80 50 3.03 0.2592
WVFGRD96 2.0 165 85 50 3.10 0.2949
WVFGRD96 3.0 330 65 -40 3.14 0.3377
WVFGRD96 4.0 325 55 -50 3.19 0.3754
WVFGRD96 5.0 295 35 -90 3.36 0.4203
WVFGRD96 6.0 325 40 -75 3.33 0.4511
WVFGRD96 7.0 335 40 -65 3.32 0.4570
WVFGRD96 8.0 340 40 -55 3.28 0.4375
WVFGRD96 9.0 350 45 -45 3.28 0.4256
WVFGRD96 10.0 350 45 -40 3.28 0.4132
WVFGRD96 11.0 -5 45 -35 3.29 0.3997
WVFGRD96 12.0 -5 45 -35 3.29 0.3869
WVFGRD96 13.0 165 75 25 3.30 0.3840
WVFGRD96 14.0 165 75 25 3.32 0.3808
WVFGRD96 15.0 165 75 25 3.34 0.3782
WVFGRD96 16.0 10 75 30 3.32 0.3747
WVFGRD96 17.0 10 75 30 3.33 0.3730
WVFGRD96 18.0 10 75 30 3.34 0.3708
WVFGRD96 19.0 10 75 30 3.35 0.3679
WVFGRD96 20.0 10 70 30 3.36 0.3658
WVFGRD96 21.0 10 70 30 3.37 0.3646
WVFGRD96 22.0 10 70 30 3.38 0.3631
WVFGRD96 23.0 15 65 30 3.40 0.3608
WVFGRD96 24.0 15 65 30 3.41 0.3589
WVFGRD96 25.0 10 65 30 3.41 0.3562
WVFGRD96 26.0 15 60 30 3.43 0.3538
WVFGRD96 27.0 15 60 30 3.45 0.3512
WVFGRD96 28.0 15 60 30 3.46 0.3496
WVFGRD96 29.0 15 60 30 3.48 0.3474
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 7.0 335 40 -65 3.32 0.4570
The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
The nnCIA used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:
MODEL.01
C.It. A. Di Luzio et al Earth Plan Lettrs 280 (2009) 1-12 Fig 5. 7-8 MODEL/SURF3
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.5000 3.7497 2.1436 2.2753 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 4.9399 2.8210 2.4858 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 6.0129 3.4336 2.7058 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
7.0000 5.5516 3.1475 2.6093 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
15.0000 5.8805 3.3583 2.6770 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.0000 7.1059 4.0081 3.0002 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
8.0000 7.1000 3.9864 3.0120 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.4036 3.2760 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
The following stations did not have a valid response files:
DATE=Wed Nov 2 19:08:33 CDT 2011