Location
2011/07/13 09:55:12 42.443 12.721 7.6 3.6 Italy
Arrival Times (from USGS)
Arrival time list
Felt Map
USGS Felt map for this earthquake
USGS Felt reports page for
Focal Mechanism
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2011/07/13 09:55:12:0 42.44 12.72 7.6 3.6 Italy
Stations used:
IV.ARCI IV.ASQU IV.BSSO IV.CAFI IV.CAFR IV.CASP IV.CERA
IV.CERT IV.CING IV.CRMI IV.FDMO IV.FIAM IV.FNVD IV.INTR
IV.LATE IV.MA9 IV.MAON IV.MGAB IV.MIDA IV.MODR IV.MTCE
IV.OFFI IV.PAOL IV.POFI IV.PSB1 IV.PTRJ IV.RDP IV.RNI2
IV.SACR IV.SACS IV.TERO IV.TOLF IV.TRTR IV.VAGA MN.AQU
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 5.31e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.75
Z = 10 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 112 71 -107
NP2 335 25 -50
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 5.31e+21 24 215
N 0.00e+00 16 118
P -5.31e+21 60 358
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 1.66e+21
Mxy 2.12e+21
Mxz -3.91e+21
Myy 1.45e+21
Myz -1.06e+21
Mzz -3.12e+21
##############
--------------########
---------------------#######
------------------------######
----------------------------######
---------------- -----------######
----------------- P ------------######
##---------------- -------------######
###--------------------------------#####
#######------------------------------#####
#########----------------------------#####
############-------------------------#####
###############----------------------#####
###################-----------------####
########################------------####
###################################---
#################################---
###### ######################---
#### T #####################--
### ####################--
#####################-
##############
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-3.12e+21 -3.91e+21 1.06e+21
-3.91e+21 1.66e+21 -2.12e+21
1.06e+21 -2.12e+21 1.45e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20110713095512/index.html
|
Preferred Solution
The preferred solution from an analysis of the surface-wave spectral amplitude radiation pattern, waveform inversion and first motion observations is
STK = 335
DIP = 25
RAKE = -50
MW = 3.75
HS = 10.0
The waveform inversion is preferred.
Moment Tensor Comparison
The following compares this source inversion to others
| SLU |
INGVTDMT |
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2011/07/13 09:55:12:0 42.44 12.72 7.6 3.6 Italy
Stations used:
IV.ARCI IV.ASQU IV.BSSO IV.CAFI IV.CAFR IV.CASP IV.CERA
IV.CERT IV.CING IV.CRMI IV.FDMO IV.FIAM IV.FNVD IV.INTR
IV.LATE IV.MA9 IV.MAON IV.MGAB IV.MIDA IV.MODR IV.MTCE
IV.OFFI IV.PAOL IV.POFI IV.PSB1 IV.PTRJ IV.RDP IV.RNI2
IV.SACR IV.SACS IV.TERO IV.TOLF IV.TRTR IV.VAGA MN.AQU
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 5.31e+21 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.75
Z = 10 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 112 71 -107
NP2 335 25 -50
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 5.31e+21 24 215
N 0.00e+00 16 118
P -5.31e+21 60 358
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 1.66e+21
Mxy 2.12e+21
Mxz -3.91e+21
Myy 1.45e+21
Myz -1.06e+21
Mzz -3.12e+21
##############
--------------########
---------------------#######
------------------------######
----------------------------######
---------------- -----------######
----------------- P ------------######
##---------------- -------------######
###--------------------------------#####
#######------------------------------#####
#########----------------------------#####
############-------------------------#####
###############----------------------#####
###################-----------------####
########################------------####
###################################---
#################################---
###### ######################---
#### T #####################--
### ####################--
#####################-
##############
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-3.12e+21 -3.91e+21 1.06e+21
-3.91e+21 1.66e+21 -2.12e+21
1.06e+21 -2.12e+21 1.45e+21
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20110713095512/index.html
|
|
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Waveform Inversion
The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the
and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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Location of broadband stations used for waveform inversion
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 1.0 125 35 -85 3.55 0.3470
WVFGRD96 2.0 130 30 -80 3.61 0.3201
WVFGRD96 3.0 5 20 -10 3.61 0.3862
WVFGRD96 4.0 0 20 -15 3.60 0.4455
WVFGRD96 5.0 350 15 -30 3.73 0.4941
WVFGRD96 6.0 335 20 -45 3.74 0.5469
WVFGRD96 7.0 335 25 -50 3.76 0.5845
WVFGRD96 8.0 335 25 -50 3.73 0.6044
WVFGRD96 9.0 340 30 -45 3.74 0.6135
WVFGRD96 10.0 335 25 -50 3.75 0.6160
WVFGRD96 11.0 335 25 -50 3.76 0.6123
WVFGRD96 12.0 335 25 -50 3.77 0.6039
WVFGRD96 13.0 340 25 -40 3.77 0.5914
WVFGRD96 14.0 340 25 -40 3.78 0.5764
WVFGRD96 15.0 340 25 -40 3.82 0.5614
WVFGRD96 16.0 340 25 -40 3.83 0.5405
WVFGRD96 17.0 340 25 -40 3.84 0.5171
WVFGRD96 18.0 340 20 -40 3.84 0.4920
WVFGRD96 19.0 340 20 -40 3.85 0.4669
WVFGRD96 20.0 345 20 -30 3.85 0.4419
WVFGRD96 21.0 350 25 -25 3.85 0.4174
WVFGRD96 22.0 350 25 -25 3.86 0.3931
WVFGRD96 23.0 330 35 -50 3.85 0.3708
WVFGRD96 24.0 320 35 -65 3.85 0.3577
WVFGRD96 25.0 325 40 -60 3.85 0.3441
WVFGRD96 26.0 325 40 -60 3.86 0.3287
WVFGRD96 27.0 320 40 -65 3.86 0.3120
WVFGRD96 28.0 285 75 70 3.88 0.3010
WVFGRD96 29.0 285 75 70 3.88 0.2917
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 10.0 335 25 -50 3.75 0.6160
The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
|
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Figure 1. Waveform inversion focal mechanism
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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Figure 2. Depth sensitivity for waveform mechanism
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted.
Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. A pair of numbers is given in black at the right of each predicted traces. The upper number it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect.
A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The lower number gives the percentage of variance reduction to characterize the individual goodness of fit (100% indicates a perfect fit).
The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
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Figure 3. Waveform comparison for selected depth
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Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms.
Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure.
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A check on the assumed source location is possible by looking at the time shifts between the observed and predicted traces. The time shifts for waveform matching arise for several reasons:
- The origin time and epicentral distance are incorrect
- The velocity model used for the inversion is incorrect
- The velocity model used to define the P-arrival time is not the
same as the velocity model used for the waveform inversion
(assuming that the initial trace alignment is based on the
P arrival time)
Assuming only a mislocation, the time shifts are fit to a functional form:
Time_shift = A + B cos Azimuth + C Sin Azimuth
The time shifts for this inversion lead to the next figure:
The derived shift in origin time and epicentral coordinates are given at the bottom of the figure.
Discussion
Velocity Model
The nnCIA used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:
MODEL.01
C.It. A. Di Luzio et al Earth Plan Lettrs 280 (2009) 1-12 Fig 5. 7-8 MODEL/SURF3
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.5000 3.7497 2.1436 2.2753 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 4.9399 2.8210 2.4858 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 6.0129 3.4336 2.7058 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
7.0000 5.5516 3.1475 2.6093 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
15.0000 5.8805 3.3583 2.6770 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.0000 7.1059 4.0081 3.0002 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
8.0000 7.1000 3.9864 3.0120 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.4036 3.2760 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Quality Control
Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
The following stations did not have a valid response files:
DATE=Wed Jul 13 09:04:49 CDT 2011
Last Changed 2011/07/13