2009/05/08 01:02:47 42.268 13.583 7.90 3.20 Italy
USGS Felt map for this earthquake
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2009/05/08 01:02:47:0 42.27 13.58 7.9 3.2 Italy
Stations used:
IV.CAMP IV.CERT IV.CESX IV.FIAM IV.GUMA IV.LATE IV.LPEL
IV.MIDA IV.MNS IV.MTCE IV.SACS MN.AQU
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 7.41e+20 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.18
Z = 1 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 30 55 -70
NP2 178 40 -116
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 7.41e+20 8 106
N 0.00e+00 16 198
P -7.41e+20 72 351
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -1.62e+19
Mxy -1.80e+20
Mxz -2.45e+20
Myy 6.71e+20
Myz 1.34e+20
Mzz -6.55e+20
####----------
#####-----------------
#######------------------###
######---------------------###
#######----------------------#####
#######-----------------------######
########-----------------------#######
########---------- -----------########
########---------- P ----------#########
#########---------- ----------##########
#########----------------------###########
#########---------------------############
#########---------------------######## #
########--------------------######### T
########------------------###########
########----------------##############
########-------------###############
########-----------###############
#######-------################
########---#################
###---################
-----#########
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-6.55e+20 -2.45e+20 -1.34e+20
-2.45e+20 -1.62e+19 1.80e+20
-1.34e+20 1.80e+20 6.71e+20
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20090508010247/index.html
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STK = 30
DIP = 55
RAKE = -70
MW = 3.18
HS = 1.0
The waveform inversion is preferred.
The following compares this source inversion to others
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2009/05/08 01:02:47:0 42.27 13.58 7.9 3.2 Italy
Stations used:
IV.CAMP IV.CERT IV.CESX IV.FIAM IV.GUMA IV.LATE IV.LPEL
IV.MIDA IV.MNS IV.MTCE IV.SACS MN.AQU
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 7.41e+20 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.18
Z = 1 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 30 55 -70
NP2 178 40 -116
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 7.41e+20 8 106
N 0.00e+00 16 198
P -7.41e+20 72 351
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx -1.62e+19
Mxy -1.80e+20
Mxz -2.45e+20
Myy 6.71e+20
Myz 1.34e+20
Mzz -6.55e+20
####----------
#####-----------------
#######------------------###
######---------------------###
#######----------------------#####
#######-----------------------######
########-----------------------#######
########---------- -----------########
########---------- P ----------#########
#########---------- ----------##########
#########----------------------###########
#########---------------------############
#########---------------------######## #
########--------------------######### T
########------------------###########
########----------------##############
########-------------###############
########-----------###############
#######-------################
########---#################
###---################
-----#########
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-6.55e+20 -2.45e+20 -1.34e+20
-2.45e+20 -1.62e+19 1.80e+20
-1.34e+20 1.80e+20 6.71e+20
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20090508010247/index.html
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 0.5 40 65 -65 3.16 0.4513
WVFGRD96 1.0 30 55 -70 3.18 0.4655
WVFGRD96 2.0 35 55 -60 3.24 0.4363
WVFGRD96 3.0 50 75 -40 3.21 0.3809
WVFGRD96 4.0 50 85 -35 3.22 0.3634
WVFGRD96 5.0 230 90 -55 3.29 0.3612
WVFGRD96 6.0 50 90 50 3.29 0.3677
WVFGRD96 7.0 230 90 -50 3.30 0.3700
WVFGRD96 8.0 55 85 45 3.28 0.3694
WVFGRD96 9.0 55 80 40 3.30 0.3655
WVFGRD96 10.0 60 75 40 3.32 0.3600
WVFGRD96 11.0 60 75 35 3.34 0.3534
WVFGRD96 12.0 50 85 -30 3.33 0.3487
WVFGRD96 13.0 50 90 -30 3.34 0.3451
WVFGRD96 14.0 235 75 30 3.35 0.3429
WVFGRD96 15.0 270 50 75 3.42 0.3442
WVFGRD96 16.0 275 50 85 3.44 0.3454
WVFGRD96 17.0 275 50 85 3.45 0.3457
WVFGRD96 18.0 275 50 85 3.46 0.3449
WVFGRD96 19.0 275 50 85 3.47 0.3432
WVFGRD96 20.0 110 45 100 3.48 0.3409
WVFGRD96 21.0 270 45 75 3.48 0.3394
WVFGRD96 22.0 275 45 80 3.50 0.3372
WVFGRD96 23.0 275 45 80 3.50 0.3323
WVFGRD96 24.0 95 45 80 3.53 0.3284
WVFGRD96 25.0 95 45 80 3.54 0.3241
WVFGRD96 26.0 95 45 80 3.54 0.3165
WVFGRD96 27.0 95 45 80 3.55 0.3078
WVFGRD96 28.0 95 45 80 3.56 0.3005
WVFGRD96 29.0 95 45 80 3.57 0.2922
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 1.0 30 55 -70 3.18 0.4655
The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. The number in black at the rightr of each predicted traces it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
The nnCIA used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:
MODEL.01
C.It. A. Di Luzio et al Earth Plan Lettrs 280 (2009) 1-12 Fig 5. 7-8 MODEL/SURF3
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.5000 3.7497 2.1436 2.2753 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 4.9399 2.8210 2.4858 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 6.0129 3.4336 2.7058 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
7.0000 5.5516 3.1475 2.6093 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
15.0000 5.8805 3.3583 2.6770 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.0000 7.1059 4.0081 3.0002 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
8.0000 7.1000 3.9864 3.0120 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.4036 3.2760 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
The following stations did not have a valid response files:
DATE=Sun Aug 23 12:59:26 CDT 2009