2009/04/20 07:13:14 42.407 13.349 10.1 3.1 Italy
USGS Felt map for this earthquake
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2009/04/20 07:13:14:0 42.41 13.35 10.1 3.1 Italy
Stations used:
IV.CESI IV.CESX IV.FAGN IV.FDMO IV.FIAM IV.INTR IV.LPEL
IV.MNS
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 4.73e+20 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.05
Z = 7 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 355 65 -65
NP2 127 35 -132
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 4.73e+20 16 67
N 0.00e+00 23 164
P -4.73e+20 62 304
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 3.40e+19
Mxy 2.07e+20
Mxz -6.02e+19
Myy 2.95e+20
Myz 2.82e+20
Mzz -3.28e+20
------########
------------##########
----------------############
------------------############
---------------------#############
#---------------------##############
##----------------------########## #
###--------- ----------########## T ##
###--------- P -----------######### ##
####--------- -----------###############
####-----------------------###############
#####----------------------###############
######----------------------##############
######--------------------##############
#######-------------------##############
########-----------------#############
#########---------------############
##########-------------###########
############--------#########-
###################---------
###############-------
##########----
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-3.28e+20 -6.02e+19 -2.82e+20
-6.02e+19 3.40e+19 -2.07e+20
-2.82e+20 -2.07e+20 2.95e+20
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20090420071314/index.html
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STK = -5
DIP = 65
RAKE = -65
MW = 3.05
HS = 7.0
The waveform inversion is preferred.
The following compares this source inversion to others
USGS/SLU Moment Tensor Solution
ENS 2009/04/20 07:13:14:0 42.41 13.35 10.1 3.1 Italy
Stations used:
IV.CESI IV.CESX IV.FAGN IV.FDMO IV.FIAM IV.INTR IV.LPEL
IV.MNS
Filtering commands used:
hp c 0.02 n 3
lp c 0.10 n 3
Best Fitting Double Couple
Mo = 4.73e+20 dyne-cm
Mw = 3.05
Z = 7 km
Plane Strike Dip Rake
NP1 355 65 -65
NP2 127 35 -132
Principal Axes:
Axis Value Plunge Azimuth
T 4.73e+20 16 67
N 0.00e+00 23 164
P -4.73e+20 62 304
Moment Tensor: (dyne-cm)
Component Value
Mxx 3.40e+19
Mxy 2.07e+20
Mxz -6.02e+19
Myy 2.95e+20
Myz 2.82e+20
Mzz -3.28e+20
------########
------------##########
----------------############
------------------############
---------------------#############
#---------------------##############
##----------------------########## #
###--------- ----------########## T ##
###--------- P -----------######### ##
####--------- -----------###############
####-----------------------###############
#####----------------------###############
######----------------------##############
######--------------------##############
#######-------------------##############
########-----------------#############
#########---------------############
##########-------------###########
############--------#########-
###################---------
###############-------
##########----
Global CMT Convention Moment Tensor:
R T P
-3.28e+20 -6.02e+19 -2.82e+20
-6.02e+19 3.40e+19 -2.07e+20
-2.82e+20 -2.07e+20 2.95e+20
Details of the solution is found at
http://www.eas.slu.edu/eqc/eqc_mt/MECH.IT/20090420071314/index.html
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The focal mechanism was determined using broadband seismic waveforms. The location of the event and the and stations used for the waveform inversion are shown in the next figure.
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The program wvfgrd96 was used with good traces observed at short distance to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment. This technique requires a high quality signal and well determined velocity model for the Green functions. To the extent that these are the quality data, this type of mechanism should be preferred over the radiation pattern technique which requires the separate step of defining the pressure and tension quadrants and the correct strike.
The observed and predicted traces are filtered using the following gsac commands:
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3The results of this grid search from 0.5 to 19 km depth are as follow:
DEPTH STK DIP RAKE MW FIT
WVFGRD96 0.5 145 35 -95 2.89 0.3566
WVFGRD96 1.0 185 70 30 2.83 0.3130
WVFGRD96 2.0 -5 75 -65 2.98 0.3960
WVFGRD96 3.0 350 70 -65 2.99 0.4914
WVFGRD96 4.0 -10 65 -65 2.98 0.5458
WVFGRD96 5.0 350 65 -70 3.07 0.5929
WVFGRD96 6.0 355 65 -65 3.05 0.6145
WVFGRD96 7.0 -5 65 -65 3.05 0.6194
WVFGRD96 8.0 0 65 -60 3.01 0.6086
WVFGRD96 9.0 5 70 -50 3.01 0.6054
WVFGRD96 10.0 5 70 -50 3.02 0.5989
WVFGRD96 11.0 10 75 -45 3.02 0.5915
WVFGRD96 12.0 15 85 -40 3.03 0.5827
WVFGRD96 13.0 15 85 -40 3.04 0.5734
WVFGRD96 14.0 195 90 40 3.05 0.5639
WVFGRD96 15.0 15 90 -45 3.08 0.5545
WVFGRD96 16.0 195 90 45 3.09 0.5449
WVFGRD96 17.0 200 85 45 3.10 0.5342
WVFGRD96 18.0 200 80 40 3.12 0.5286
WVFGRD96 19.0 200 80 45 3.12 0.5192
WVFGRD96 20.0 200 80 45 3.14 0.5107
WVFGRD96 21.0 200 80 45 3.15 0.4998
WVFGRD96 22.0 200 80 45 3.16 0.4884
WVFGRD96 23.0 200 80 45 3.17 0.4778
WVFGRD96 24.0 205 20 -40 3.25 0.4663
WVFGRD96 25.0 205 20 -40 3.26 0.4640
WVFGRD96 26.0 200 20 -45 3.27 0.4613
WVFGRD96 27.0 210 25 -35 3.28 0.4574
WVFGRD96 28.0 185 75 50 3.24 0.4498
WVFGRD96 29.0 195 70 50 3.24 0.4483
The best solution is
WVFGRD96 7.0 -5 65 -65 3.05 0.6194
The mechanism correspond to the best fit is
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The best fit as a function of depth is given in the following figure:
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The comparison of the observed and predicted waveforms is given in the next figure. The red traces are the observed and the blue are the predicted. Each observed-predicted component is plotted to the same scale and peak amplitudes are indicated by the numbers to the left of each trace. The number in black at the rightr of each predicted traces it the time shift required for maximum correlation between the observed and predicted traces. This time shift is required because the synthetics are not computed at exactly the same distance as the observed and because the velocity model used in the predictions may not be perfect. A positive time shift indicates that the prediction is too fast and should be delayed to match the observed trace (shift to the right in this figure). A negative value indicates that the prediction is too slow. The bandpass filter used in the processing and for the display was
hp c 0.02 n 3 lp c 0.10 n 3
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| Focal mechanism sensitivity at the preferred depth. The red color indicates a very good fit to thewavefroms. Each solution is plotted as a vector at a given value of strike and dip with the angle of the vector representing the rake angle, measured, with respect to the upward vertical (N) in the figure. |
The nnCIA used for the waveform synthetic seismograms and for the surface wave eigenfunctions and dispersion is as follows:
MODEL.01
C.It. A. Di Luzio et al Earth Plan Lettrs 280 (2009) 1-12 Fig 5. 7-8 MODEL/SURF3
ISOTROPIC
KGS
FLAT EARTH
1-D
CONSTANT VELOCITY
LINE08
LINE09
LINE10
LINE11
H(KM) VP(KM/S) VS(KM/S) RHO(GM/CC) QP QS ETAP ETAS FREFP FREFS
1.5000 3.7497 2.1436 2.2753 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 4.9399 2.8210 2.4858 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
3.0000 6.0129 3.4336 2.7058 0.500E-02 0.100E-01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
7.0000 5.5516 3.1475 2.6093 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
15.0000 5.8805 3.3583 2.6770 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
6.0000 7.1059 4.0081 3.0002 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
8.0000 7.1000 3.9864 3.0120 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
0.0000 7.9000 4.4036 3.2760 0.167E-02 0.333E-02 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Here we tabulate the reasons for not using certain digital data sets
The following stations did not have a valid response files:
DATE=Wed Sep 2 08:03:35 CDT 2009